The increased interest in multimodal data collection in the learning sciences demands for new and powerful methodological and analytical techniques and technologies. It is especially challenging for learning scientists to handle, analyse, and interpret complex and often invisible multimodal data when investigating regulation of learning in collaborative settings as this data can be cognitive, social and/or emotional in nature, much of which is covert in nature. The aim of this paper is to present ways to simplify the analysis and use of rich multimodal data by learning scientists. This is done by making primarily invisible regulation processes and their accompanying social and contextual reactions visible, measurable, and ultimately interpretable. To facilitate data visualisation and processing with respect to the regulation of learning, a Graphical User Interface (GUI) known as SLAM-KIT has been designed. SLAM-KIT reveals principal features of complex learning environments by allowing users to travel through the learners' data and its statistical characteristics. This kit has practical implications as it simplifies complex information and data while making them available through visualisation and analysis to the researchers. Our short-term goal is to simplify this tool for the teachers and learners.

In a recent study, we proposed a novel method to evaluate hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) by assessing propofolinduced changes in the 19-channel electroencephalogram (EEG). The study suggested that patients with HIE are unable to generate EEG slow waves during propofol anesthesia 48 h after cardiac arrest (CA). Since a low number of electrodes would make the method clinically more practical, we now investigated whether our results received with a full EEG cap could be reproduced using only forehead electrodes. Experimental data from comatose post-CA patients (N = 10) were used. EEG was recorded approximately 48 h after CA using 19-channel EEG cap during a controlled propofol exposure. The slow wave activity was calculated separately for all electrodes and four forehead electrodes (Fp1, Fp2, F7, and F8) by determining the low-frequency (< 1 Hz) power of the EEG. HIE was defined by following the patients' recovery for six months. In patients without HIE (N = 6), propofol substantially increased (244 ± 91%, mean ± SD) the slow wave activity in forehead electrodes, whereas the patients with HIE (N = 4) were unable to produce such activity. The results received with forehead electrodes were similar to those of the full EEG cap. With the experimental pilot study data, the forehead electrodes were as capable as the full EEG cap in capturing the effect of HIE on propofol-induced slow wave activity. The finding offers potential in developing a clinically practical method for the early detection of HIE.

This paper describes the independent construction and implementation of two cellular automata that model dialect feature diffusion as the adaptive aspect of the complex system of speech. We show how a feature, once established, can spread across an area, and how the distribution of a dialect feature as it stands in Linguistic Atlas data could either spread or diminish. Cellular automata use update rules to determine the status of a feature at a given location with respect to the status of its neighboring locations. In each iteration all locations in a matrix are evaluated, and then the new status for each one is displayed all at once. Throughout hundreds of iterations, we can watch regional distributional patterns emerge as a consequence of these simple update rules. We validate patterns with respect to the linguistic distributions known to occur in the Linguistic Atlas Project.Nobody has ever doubted, though some people grumble about it, that language always changes over time, and that it changes differently in different places giving rise to what we perceive as language varieties, dialects. Changes in a language get started somewhere, among a few speakers, and then diffuse unevenly across space and time through large populations of speakers. There are no cases in history when a natural language has not done so. And yet we know little about the operation of change in action. Historical linguistics offers us theories about change, such as the chain shift hypothesis, but these theories have most often been proposed top-down from the point of view of abstract language systems, not bottom up from where the speakers talk. In this paper we would like to demonstrate by means of two computer simulations how we believe the process of language change and diffusion operates in populations of speakers. We offer a program called a ''cellular automaton'' (CA) that shows how simple update rules for individual nodes in a matrix can lead to complex behavior from which patterns emerge, patterns of the kind we typically see in data from the Linguistic Atlas Project. The simulation available with the paper will allow users to see for themselves how manipulation of the rules changes the outcomes of the process.

The MORE system is designed for observation and machine-aided analysis of social interaction in real life situations, such as classroom teaching scenarios and business meetings. The system utilizes a multichannel approach to collect data whereby multiple Sami Huttunen Multimed Tools Appl streams of data in a number of different modalities are obtained from each situation. Typically the system collects a 360-degree video and audio feed from multiple microphones set up in the space. The system includes an advanced server backend component that is capable of performing video processing, feature extraction and archiving operations on behalf of the user. The feature extraction services form a key part of the system and rely on advanced signal analysis techniques, such as speech processing, motion activity detection and facial expression recognition in order to speed up the analysis of large data sets. The provided web interface weaves the multiple streams of information together, utilizes the extracted features as metadata on the audio and video data and lets the user dive into analyzing the recorded events. The objective of the system is to facilitate easy navigation of multimodal data and enable the analysis of the recorded situations for the purposes of, for example, behavioral studies, teacher training and business development. A further unique feature of the system is its low setup overhead and high portability as the lightest MORE setup only requires a laptop computer and the selected set of sensors on site.

When designing interactive systems and applications, we need to take into account different user groups, contexts, and cultural sensitivities. The challenges in culturally sensitive design can arise e.g. from historical, ideological, or ethical factors, and need to be considered when conducting HCI research, e.g. with cultural heritage, under-represented user groups, topics of cultural rituals, or in cross-cultural interfaces. The digitalizing world crosses old borders by bringing technology connectivity for new domains, and provides the means to distribute information that has previously been harder to access, and which may contain strong cultural meanings. With emerging technology use, new etiquette and social practices are formed to reflect the new sub-cultures. This workshop addresses the cultural sensitivities when designing interactive systems. The workshop invites researchers and practitioners to present and discuss about related case studies, applications, research methods, and experiences. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Empirical studies in collaborative and social computing.