Доктор политических наук, профессор,заведующий кафедрой политики, социальных технологий и массовых коммуникаций, Балтийский федеральный университет им. Иммануила Канта ITarasov@kantiana.ru ул. Чернышевского, 56, 236022 г. Калининград, Российская Федерация Аннотация. В Венгрии на протяжении 2010-2015 гг. отмечается рост ксено-фобских настроений в обществе, активизируются праворадикальные и экстремистс-кие группировки. Цель статьи заключается в определении наиболее существенных факторов, стимулирующих ксенофобию в Венгрии. Предварительно мы предприняли попытку типологизировать праворадикальные организации и выяснить их электораль-ные характеристики. Наше предположение состоит в том, что деятельность право-радикальных и экстремистских организаций оказывает влияние на формирование ксенофобских социальных практик в Венгрии, обусловленное рядом факторов. Сред-ствами факторного анализа нами определены основные направления и формы дея-тельности правых радикалов; определено значение социально-экономической дина-мики развития Венгрии; охарактеризовано отношение общества, закона и правящей элиты к проблемам ксенофобии и правому радикализму. К числу наиболее влиятель-ных факторов можно отнести: открытую пропаганду националистических идей; кон-ституционный приоритет интересов этнических венгров; парламентский статус партии «За лучшую Венгрию»; попустительство деятельности правых радикалов со сторо-ны правящей элиты, судов и полиции.В работе обосновывается тенденция, характерная для современной Венгрии: об-щество демонстрирует нетерпимость к правому радикализму в случаях проявления прак-тик преступного поведения, но в своем большинстве относится лояльно к его идеологе-мам. За исключением оппозиционных правозащитных организаций и этнических сооб-ществ, значительная часть венгерского общества часто проявляет почти полное безраз-личие к вопросам ксенофобии, расовой и национальной дискриминации.При этом охарактеризованы пять групп факторов, которые в различной степени оказывают стимулирующее влияние на воспроизводство настроений и практик ксено-фобии среди представителей различных групп населения: «исторические», институци-ональные, социально-экономические, правовые и политические.В работе использованы эмпирические данные, полученные в ходе социологичес-ких опросов, проведенных ведущими исследовательскими центрами Венгрии, а также статистические данные органов государственной власти, институтов гражданского общества.Ключевые слова: Венгрия, социальные практики, ксенофобия, правый радика-лизм, экстремизм, факторный анализ.
This article analyses the Baltic policy of united Germany from the 1990s until today. The authors set out to identify the significance of German-Baltic relations and the role of the Eastern policy in Russian-German relations. The method of dynamic comparison between the political and economic narrative in intergovernmental relations makes it possible to identify distinctive features of Germany's Baltic policy in the context of current international relations. In particular, it is noted that Germany was most active in the Baltic region in the 1990s, when the country was establishing political, economic, and cultural ties with the new independent states. In the second half of the 1990s, Germany's foreign policy became less intense. After the accession of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia to the EU and NATO in 2004, certain disagreements started to arise between Germany and the Baltics. It explains the lukewarm relations between them. The Ukraine events brought about a change in Germany's regional policy. Despite Russia remaining one of the key economic and political counteractors, Germany, being a partner of the Baltics in the EU and NATO, cannot adopt a neutral position in the conflict of interests between the Baltics and Russia
The article is concerned with a seemingly unnoticeable phenomenon of the regional political process in the Republic of Dagestan: territoriality. It would seem, that Russian and foreign researchers are aware of that characteristic of the North Caucasus regions. However, the factor of territoriality is often ignored not only in research, but also in real political practice. When it comes to the conflict-geneity of political relations, social, economic, and culturalhistorical factors come to the fore. They are indeed more voluminous in their content and impact than territoriality. The authors draw attention to the fact thatin the Dagestan reality territoriality is a link in the genesis of conflict. Atthe local level, diverse contradictions of a social, economic, and cultural-historical nature are tightly knotted. Guided by the principles of social-cultural approach and based on a broad interpretation of ethnoterritorial conflict, the authors show the importance of the territoriality factor not only for land relations in local ethnic territory and on their borders, but also for the content of regional policy in Dagestan in general. The article provides a retrospective of the main stages in the formation and reproduction of ethnoterritorial communities. Some cases of ethnoterritorial conflicts in recent years demonstrate the danger of underestimating the territoriality factor in local conflict management. The authors conclude that a scientifically substantiated federal policy of regional development in the North Caucasus must be developed, in which territoriality is understood as a central element of the state governance
Региональные политологические школы России two administrative regions of foreign countries more often than others become objects of study, namely Itä-Suomen lääni (Eastern Finland) and Warmia-Masurian Voivodship (Poland). The topic of cross-border cooperation at the regional level is the most prominent in Baltic studies. Another major topic is the problems of Euro-Atlantic integration in the Baltic region. To date, several research centres have been established in Russia: in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, Petrozavodsk, and Pskov. The main directions of studying the problems of the socio-political development of the Baltic region have been formed, publishing projects have gained a high reputation, and the institutional environment of the research community is being formed. Such a state of Baltic studies in Russia can be the basis for the development of a wider area of research in the field of cross-border regional studies.
The monograph is devoted to topical problems of socio-economic, demographic and political development of Poland and the Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia). The main features and tendencies of development of military-political situation in the Baltic region are considered. It is intended for specialists engaged in studying the economic, political and geopolitical aspects of the development of the Baltic region, teachers and university students.
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