In the early 90s military operations and United Nations Special Commission "UNSCOM" teams have been destroyed the past Iraqi chemical program. Both operations led an extensive number of scattered remnants of contaminated areas. The quantities of hazardous materials, incomplete destructed materials, and toxic chemicals were sealed in two bunkers. Deficiency of appropriate destruction technology led to spreading the contamination around the storage site. This paper aims to introduce the environmental detection of the contamination in the storage site area using geospatial analysis technique. The environmental contamination level of nutrients and major ions such as sulphate (SO 4), potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), phosphate (PO 4) and nitrate (NO 3) were detected and analyzed. The grid soil samples on the site and surrounding areas have been investigated, analyzed, and compared to the background points. The storage area grid was divided into 30 major sectors and all samples were evaluated from acquires 10 samples from each sector. The detection results have indicated that SO 4 level was exceeded the permitted level by 25 times, K level also exceeded the permitted level but by 460, Na ions were 85 times greater the permitted level. Mg level was 180 times higher than that of permitted content. Activity level of Ca in the soil samples of the study area has also exhibited variability with nine times over the permitted level near the bunkers. However, very high contamination spot activity of Cl was found in destruction zone about which 44 times over the background level was found while PO 4 level exceeded the permitted level by 35 times over the permitted level and there was no activity detected for the nitrate in the storage area site.

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In this work, the synthesis of titanium thin films on two different substrates (glass and n-type Si), with thicknesses of 90 and 145 nm at two different times (5 and 10 min) respectively, have been obtained. The thin films have been successfully deposited on glass and silicon substrates using DC diode sputtering technique. The optical properties of the prepared thin films have been checked out using the optical reflectance spectrum. A significant reduction in surface reflectivity was observed at (10 min) sputtering time. The structural properties of the prepared thin films were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). XRD results confirmed that titanium thin films had a hexagonal structure with preferred orientation on (002). The images of FESEM showed that all the samples had a uniform distribution of granular surface morphology. The grain sizes of the Ti nanostructure were estimated using Scherrers' analysis. The thickness of Ti thin film increased as the sputtering time increased for both glass and Si n-type substrates. The repeated experiments revealed that the most uniform Ti thin film is on Si substrate (n-type) with particle size 10 nm at deposition time 5 min.

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Laser-Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) is a technique which enables the controlled transfer of a thin film material from a transparent carrier (donor) to a receiver substrate (acceptor). The receiver substrate is usually placed in parallel and close to the thin film source under air or vacuum conditions. In this work microdeposition of gold (Au) and Copper (Cu) thin films were deposited on glass substrate by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). These thin films were irradiated by a single pulse and transferred to a silver (Ag) and silicon (Si) receiver substrates. The laser source used for this study was a Nd-YAG Q-Switching second harmonic generation (SHG) Pulsed Laser with a wavelength 532nm, repetition rate 1-6 Hz ,and pulse duration 10ns. Deposited size, morphology and adhesion to the receiver substrate as a function of applied laser fluence are investigated.