: Medicinal plants are traditionally familiar to treat various physical abnormalities, diseases and illness throughout the world. A very large number of plant wealth has been offered by the nature for all living organisms, which preserves medicinal excellence. Traditionally in the rural areas folk medicinal practitioners perform a more ordinary manner of medicine, where medicinal plants constitute the foremost and most often only components of formulations. Geographical and cultural factors of Bangladesh create it an abundant source for herbal remedies. Nowadays, several medicinal herbs having their hypnotic and sedative effects are thoroughly used in the treatment of various psychiatric related disorders that include anxiety and insomnia. Sedatives are that types of drugs which diminish the action, inducing a calming and relaxing outcome. Sedatives, in general, produce sleep at higher doses. From recent years the prevalence of psychiatric disorders which include anxiety and insomnia is rising and therefore different researches are going on to reveal better medicine to treat these disorders. In this present review, we have performed a comprehensive literature search to find out the five most frequently used medicinal plants with sedative effects for the treatment various disorders like anxiety and insomnia and their pharmacological activities in scientific researches. The featured plants of this review articles are, Kaempferia galanga, Cleome Rutidosperma, Kalanchoe pinnata, Calotropis gigantea, Scoparia dulcis L. In herbal and traditional medicines, numerous plants are used in the absence of their scientific validation and we intend to carry out a literature review in order to find out the effective scientific value of the featured plants. This study will help to affirm the uses of these plants as traditional medicine and for researchers to detect the efficient therapeutic drugs according to their pharmacological studies.

From the very first of human civilization, traditional medicines have been used to treat various ailments. Although herbal medicines have some limitations from a scientific point of view concerning their formulations, they are believed to have fewer side effects and are cost effective as well as available, especially where modern drugs are not easily found, i.e. rural and remote areas. To treat various diseases, traditional medicinal practitioners (TMPs) use different plants which are safe and effective for related ailments. But to find out how TMPs do that without any scientific basement, we conducted a survey at Kishoreganj district of Bangladesh. Here, we found that they use different parts of a plant such as roots, leaves, even the whole plant to treat diseases like schizophrenia. After studying the data collected from the ethnomedicinal study, we found that Allium cepa, Aegle marmelos, Acorus calamus, Brassica oleracea, Ocimum sanctum and Rauvolfia serpentina possess traditional value to treat schizophrenia like psychosis (Table 1). In this present review, we are going to discuss the traditional formulations and their pharmacological activities. We also draw information from some renowned scientific journals to make our studies more authentic. We hope that this study will help to establish the aforementioned plants as traditional anti-psychotic drugs and also help researchers to find a novel compound in the treatment of schizophrenia.

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