The hopping mechanism in the regio-random poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) was investigated through study on the diffusion rate of the charge carrier transport from the data of Longitudinal Field (LF) muon-spin-relaxation measurements. Values of the parallel and perpendicular diffusion rate were calculated following the methods applied in NMR. It is found that diffusion rate along the polymer chain slowly decreases from low to high temperatures, while diffusion rate perpendicular to the polymer chain rises significantly from low to high temperatures.

Abstract. In conventional prospecting, scalar CSAMT measurement simplicity and low operational cost. Since the structure of earth's conductivity is complex, the scalar CSAMT The complex conditions need or tensor CSAMT, to interpret interpretation. A full solution 1D CSAMT forward modeling and used to interpret both vector and scalar CSAMT data. constrained inversion was interpretations. The results indicate the importance of vector CSAMT data in complex geological system. In conventional controlled-source audio-magnetotelluric (CSAMT) scalar CSAMT measurement is usually performed because of its simplicity and low operational cost. Since the structure of earth's conductivity is CSAMT method can lead to a less accurate interpretation. s need more sophisticated measurements, such as vector interpret the data. This paper presents 1D vector CSAMT ution 1D CSAMT forward modeling has been developed and used to interpret both vector and scalar CSAMT data. Occam's smoothness was used to test the vector and scalar CSAMT interpretations. The results indicate the importance of vector CSAMT to interpret CSAMT data in complex geological system. Keywords

BackgroundDespite regulatory advances, lack of age-appropriate formulations (AAFs) remains a challenge in paediatric practice. 3D-printing of oral dosage forms (ODFs) offers potential for AAFs for children. Optimising drug release from 3D-printed ODFs is an important technological step. Despite the abundant use of polyethylene oxides (PEOs) and their extensive use as an excipient, there have been no previous reports of applying this thermoplastic polymer species alone to fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing. We assessed the impact of polymer molecular weight (MW) on the mechanical properties of the resultant filaments and their rheological properties. In the FDM 3D printing process, we also tested the effect of an innovative radiator-like design of the ODF on the acceleration of drug release patterns.MethodsBlends of PEO (MW: 100K, 200K, 300K, 600K or 900K) with PEG 6K (plasticiser) and a model drug (theophylline) were prepared by hot-melt extrusion. The resultant filaments were used as a feed for a FDM 3D printer to fabricate innovative designs of ODFs in a radiator-like geometry with inter-connected paralleled plates and inter-plate spacing of either 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm or 2mm.ResultsVarying blends of PEO and PEG allowed formation of mechanically resistant filaments (maximum load at break of 357, 608, 649, 882, 781 N for filament produced with 100K, 200K, 300K, 600K or 900K, respectively). Filaments of PEO at a MW of 200K-600K were compatible with FDM 3D printing. Further increase in PEO MW resulted in elevated shear viscosity (>104 Pa.S) at the printing temperature and hindered material flow during FDM 3D printing. A minimum spacing (1 mm) between parallel plates of the radiator-like design was essential to boost drug release from the structure.ConclusionThese findings are essential in the development of next-generation personalised drug delivery doses using specialised polymer/polymer blends purposely optimised for FDM 3D printing.Disclosure(s)Nothing to disclose

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A two-dimensional in space fractional diffusion equation with functional delay of a general form is considered. For this problem, the Crank-Nicolson method is constructed, based on shifted Grunwald-Letnikov formulas for approximating fractional derivatives with respect to each spatial variable and using piecewise linear interpolation of discrete history with continuation extrapolation to take into account the delay effect. The Douglas scheme is used to reduce the emerging high-dimensional system to tridiagonal systems. The residual of the method is investigated. To obtain the order of the method, we reduce the systems to constructions of the general difference scheme with heredity. A theorem on the second order of convergence of the method in time and space steps is proved. The results of numerical experiments are presented.