A case of tuberculous granuloma of the epiglottis is presented. The presenting symptoms were hoarseness and painful dysphagia, and the laryngoscopic appearances resembled carcinoma. Histological examination of the biopsy material was diagnostic, emphasising the difficulty of diagnosis in the general population.

The aim of the present investigation was to increase the gastric residence time of Famotidine by designing and optimization of gastroretentive mucoadhesive tablet, thereby improving bioavailability of Famotidine. Famotidine conventional tablets have been reported by many Scientists to exhibit poor oral bioavailability and fluctuations in plasma drug concentration. This results, either in precipitation of side effects or reduction in drug concentration at the target site. Famotidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist. It is widely prescribed in active duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and gastro esophageal reflux disease. The effective treatment requires administration of 20 mg of Famotidine 4 times a day. A conventional dose of 20 mg can inhibit gastric acid secretion up to 6 hours but not up to 12 hours. An alternative dose of 40 mg leads to plasma fluctuations; thus a sustained release dosage form of famotidine is desirable. The short biological half-life of drug (2.5-4 hours) also favors development of a sustained release formulation. Thus objective of present study to reduce the dosing frequency by developing, optimizing and evaluating gastroretentive mucoadhesive tablet for sustain release. A 32 full factorial design is employed to study the effect of independent variables like Carbopol-940 and HPMC K100M, which significantly influence characteristics like  ex-vivo mucoadhesive strength and in-vitro drug release. Tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. No significant change was observed in physical appearance, drug content, hardness, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro dissolution pattern after the stability tasting for one month.

Salivary duct carcinoma is a rare malignant tumour of parotid gland. Patients are usually elderly men with a mean age ranging between 55 to 62 years. Till date around 200 cases have been reported in literature. In this paper, we report case of a 50-year-old male with salivary duct carcinoma of left parotid gland with left facial nerve palsy. The diagnosis was confirmed by aspiration cytology and histologically the tumour shows invasion in surrounding tissue and comedonecrosis along with hyalinization. Total left parotidectomy with excision of the adjacent facial nerve was performed. There were no recurrence or metastasis within 6 months of follow-up.

Introduction: Adult human skeletal system consists of 206 bones and this system gives the human body its shape, supports it, and helps in movements. These bones are made of living bones tissues which replenish throughout the lifetime of an individual. There are different bone diseases associated to these bone tissues like osteoporosis, low bone density, osteogenesis imperfecta, and Paget's disease of bones which happen when these bone tissues synthesis is not normal, and can cause fracture. The most common bone disease is osteoporosis which causes bones to become less dense and more fragile. It affects the entire skeletal system and causes fracture in hips, wrists, ankles, and spine commonly. Methodology: CT Scanning Three calcaneus bone samples were scanned using micro CT (SkyScan 1172, Aarteslaar, Belgium) at the voxel size of 17.41 µm, rotating at increments of 0.7˚ for 180˚, and the data was stored in numbered 16bit high resolution grayscale images. Results: The analysis of bone properties has not been limited to mechanical testing only. With the development of computer tomography techniques and finite element modelling software, the researchers have started using simulations to study bone morphology and properties. The previous studies indicate that not much has been done to study the fracture mechanism of calcaneal trabeculae. So, this study was designed to conduct compression test on sections of calcaneal trabeculae and compare it with the available results. Conclusion:The study focuses on the mechanical properties of trabecular bone incompression. The main purpose of the study is investigating the factors which could influence the mechanical properties of the trabecular bone. Summary: The human skeletal system suffers from number of diseases like osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and Paget's disease which impair its function and cause discomfort and fracture to patients. The study of bone properties have helped in treating a variety of bone diseases. This study involved non-destructive finite element analysis of calcaneal trabecular bone specimens under compressive loading. Three calcaneal trabecular bone specimens were scanned using micro CT and 3D models were reconstructed using the image data. The reconstructed models were assigned material heterogeneous properties based on grayscale values from the images. These models were converted to FE models with a variety of mesh coarseness and analysed, and the best models were used for further finite element analysis. The results were compared with previous studies and matched subject to certain errors. It was concluded that mesh parameters affect the quality of finite element simulation and the heterogeneous bone material properties caused non-uniform deformation in the trabeculae structure.

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