No abstract

Relatively poorly developed digestive and immune systems appear as key factors for low survivability and reduced growth rate of major carp during early development stages. Here, an attempt has been made to improve the digestive capability and immune response of Labeo rohita larvae by feeding diets supplemented with yeast and bacterial based probiotics Geotrichum candidumQAUGC‐01 and Bacillus cereus,locally isolated from yogurt and gastrointestinal tract of an adult healthy L. rohita respectively, and evaluate their effects on the survival, growth, digestive enzyme activity, muscle composition and intestinal bacterial load. Eleven week feeding experiment in triplicate with four groups was conducted in a completely randomized design. Control group was given only basal feed devoid of probiotic, T1 and T2 groups was provided basal diet supplemented with G. candidum and B. cereus respectively at similar rate, that is, 1 × 109 CFU/g feed, while T3 group was fed a diet supplemented with consortium of both probiotics, each at the rate of 1 × 109 CFU/g feed. G. candidum showed the most significant effect (p < 0.001) on final weight, SGR, biomass, survival (%), microbial gut count and muscle composition. Intestinal enzymes activities also showed significant variation, as amylase activity was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in T1, while T3 group of fish showed higher activity of cellulase and protease. Likewise, after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, T1 group showed significantly (p < 0.001) higher survival. This study signifies the higher efficiency of G. candidum in comparison to B. cereus and suggests its inclusion in the diet for early rearing of L. rohita.

No abstract

The present study was designed to test whether administration of single strain probiotic during early reaing could improve the survival and growth of rohu, L.rohita. Seventy days experiment was conducted in replicate of three and twelve hundred postlarvae (average wet body weight, 0.60 ± 0.05 mg) were equally distributed in two groups , control and treated (n=200 postlarvae /fiberglass tank). Both groups received similar feed except addition of probiotic,Geotrichum candidum,QAUGC01 in the rearing water of treated group. Postlarvae raised in the presence of probiotic showed significantly higher (P<0.05) survival rate, improved growth performance (weight gain and specific growth rate), enhanced intestinal protease, amylase and cellulase activity and significantly lower mortality (P = 0.003) after challenge with Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, proximate composition also showed significantly (P<0.05) higher values of crude protein and considerably lower levels of ash content in muscle of fry reared on probiotic supplementation. This study is the first report on the beneficial effects of single locally isolated strainof G. candidum as probiotic on early life stages of L. rohita and suggests an economically viable way to boost fish production.

Background: The body mass index (BMI) affects reproduction and pregnancy outcomes. Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive despite having frequent, unprotected sex for at least one year. The inability to have children affects men and women across the globe.Methods: It was a retrospective study on couples coming for treatment of subfertility in Lahore Institute of Fertility and Endocrinology (LIFE). The institutional ethical review committee approved. Patients are divided into three groups, normal weight (BMI ≤25kg/m²), overweight (26-30 kg/m²), and obese (>30 kg/m²). Data were collected from July 2017 to May 2018. The number of infertile women who underwent assisted fertilization at LIFE was 222.Results: Two hundred and twenty-two sub-fertile patients were selected. Their ages were between 25-36 years. The mean age was 31 ± 3.91 years. There was a significant relationship between the number of follicles and BMI (p-value=0.03). Outcome parameters are significantly correlated with all groups of BMI. Embryo transfer is insignificantly correlated with BMI. (p-value = 0.07)Conclusion: According to this study, obesity is associated with poor embryos in obese women with more than 30 BMI. Furthermore, women who were obese might need a higher dose of FSH, and the live birth rate is higher in women with normal BMI.