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INTRODUCTIONNitrate is the most pervasive contaminant in groundwater in the United States and throughout the world. In Nebraska, more than 85 percent of the population relies on groundwater for drinking water and more than 20 percent of the domestic wells have nitrate concentrations that exceed the drinking water standard (Spalding & Exner, 1993). In drinking water, nitrate is reported to cause methemoglobinemia or blue-baby syndrome (Walton, 1951) in infants and bladder cancer in women (Weyer et al., 2001).Many rural communities have wells that exceed the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg NO 3-N l -1 and find available above-ground treatment alternatives economically prohibitive. Above-ground physical/chemical processes such as ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis do not detoxify nitrate, are very expensive, and generate hazardous brine waste that must be disposed off in a secure landfill at additional cost (Rogalla et al., 1991;Bouwer & Crowe, 1982). Biodenitrification is the only process that can specifically target nitrate and convert this anion to innocuous end product. IN SITU DENITRIFICATIONEnhanced in situ biodenitrification (EISBD) is an emerging technology that offers a cost-effective and environmental friendly solution to the nitrate contamination problem (ITRC, 2000). In this study, in situ injection relies on a daisy well system, which constitutes a series of injection wells arranged in a circular pattern around the contaminated well (extraction well) to deliver the needed carbon substrate directly into the nitrate-contaminated zone; whereas the remediated water will be captured by the extraction well. Simultaneous extraction and injection in this configuration creates a pattern of groundwater flow radiating from higher water levels at the injection wells to lower levels created by drawdown at the extraction well. During operation, the water table assumes a configuration that is depicted as being similar to the petals of a daisy flower.When sufficient organic substrate is injected into the groundwater, endemic nitrate degrading microbes (denitrifiers) proliferate in the denitrified zones (DNZ) and enzymatically reduce nitrate to harmless nitrogen gas as follows:Attempts at in situ denitrification have been reported throughout the world with various degrees of success ( McMahon et al., 1998;Nuttall, 1997;Hammon & Fustec, 1991;Kruithof et al., 1985;Janda et al., 1988;Mercado et al., 1988;Braester & Martinell, 1988;Chalupa, 1985). Nitrate removal rates varied from as little as 10 percent to almost complete removal. However, in most cases the performance of the denitrification process was impaired by the excessive and rapid biomass growth in the immediate vicinity of the injection well.This resulted in clogging and rendered the injection well inoperable. Recent researches (Semprini et al., 1988;Shouche et al., 1993;Peyton, 1996;Khan, 2000) suggested that a nutrient pulsing technique minimized biofouling at the injection well. However, these studies were limited to computer simulatio...

The crystal structure of the potential active N-[2-(6-Methoxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)-benzofuran-3-yl]-benzamide (C 25 H 17 NO 5 ) (I) has been determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 21/n, with a = 12.0551(11), b = 9.7853(8), c = 16.6517(16) Å, β = 90.092(4)˚, V = 1964.28(3) Å 3 , D calc = 1.391 Mg/m 3 , Z = 4. In the structure, intermolecular H-bonds lead to the formation of a centrosymmetric dimer of the molecule. There is an intramolecular C7-H7…N1 hydrogen bond forming a closed seven membered ring. There are also intramolecular π-π interactions presented between the 3,6-Dihydro-2H-pyran ring of the chromen moiety [Cg2…Cg2 distance = 3.5812(13) Å]. The packing structure is stabilized by these C-H…N, N-H…O hydrogen bonds, C-H… π and π…π interactions.

Present studies were conducted on evaluation of soma-clonal variation of CP67-1026 mutant through morphological procedures with the aims at discussing how soma-clonal variations can be analyzed through morphological approaches in gaining knowledge about the underlined regulatory controlled mechanisms in plants. In vitro experiments were conducted in the Laboratory of Nuclear Institute Atomic Energy (NIA), Tandojam during the year of 2021. The results so far achieved opened further window for deep analysis with reference to functional analysis of soma-clonal variated plants with different approaches. Results on the performance for soma-clonal variation in sugarcane variety NIA-2010 and their soma-clones revealed the best performance of varieties, which showed that the plant height (302.33cm) was observed in SC-3 and the lowest performance was examined in SC-2 that was approximately (154.33cm). The consequences of varieties and diverse parameters indicated that the highest number of internodes plant-1 were recorded (38) in SC-3 and lowest number of internodes plant-1 were accomplished (23) in SC-1. The output of different features indicated that highest number of tillers plant-1 was observed (8.02) in SC-3, the lowest number of tillers plant-1 (4.33) were noted in SC-4 and 8 as well. The consequences of soma-clones indicated that maximum weight stool-1 (kg) was observed (9.67kg) in SC-3 and minimum weight stool-1 (kg) was showed (5.83) in SC-1. The output of different physiological features indicated that highest values were remarkably noticed of brix (%) (19.83%) in SC-13, sucrose (%) (13.4%) in SC-3, fiber (%) (18.92g) in SC-3 whereas the lowest fiber (%) (16.58g) were seen in SC-11. The results of various agronomic parameters such as germination % observed (82.01%) in SC-6, commercial cane sugar percentage (CCS %) showed (9.1%) in SC-9, sugar recovery (%) (8.56%) in SC-8, purity (%) (85.27%) in SC-8, cane yield (tonnes per hectare) (96.67 tonnes per hectare) in SC-3, sugar yield (tonnes per hectare) (7.95 tonnes per hectare) in SC-3 for the assessment of morphological constitutions of NIA-2010 genotype and their soma-clone