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The importance of vitamins to the development, progression and treatment of tuberculosis is indisputable due to the presence of hypovitaminosis in people with malnutrition or the increase of vitamin deficiency in the setting of the disease. It was established that vitamin preparations exhibit antimicrobial activity, potentiate efficacy and reduce the toxicity of antituberculous drugs. Recent studies have proved the role of vitamins in the metabolism and multiplication of mycobacteria, suggesting the possibility of developing antitubercular compounds based on vitamin preparations with new mechanisms of action. These data are important for the possibility of combating resistance and multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The increasing incidence of new cases of tuberculosis, of latent forms and with multiple and extended resistance, required the acceleration of the research and elaboration of the anti-tuberculosis drugs by elucidating new targets. The main directions of study of the new compounds focused on the influence on the cell wall, the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, the energy metabolism, as well as on the immune status of the host. At the base of these strategies were the data regarding the structural components and the particularities of the life cycle of mycobacteria at different stages of disease evolution.