Kacang tanah merupakan bahan pangan yang perlu dijamin mutunya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kualitas fisik, populasi Aspergillus flavus, dan kandungan aflatoksin B 1 pada biji kacang tanah mentah yang diperoleh dari pengecer di dua pasar tradisional (Pasar Anyar dan Pasar Bogor) di Kota Bogor. Jumlah sampel biji kacang tanah mentah masing-masing pasar sebanyak 14 dan 12 sampel. Kualitas fisik biji ditentukan berdasarkan persentase biji utuh, biji keriput, dan biji rusak. Biji rusak meliputi biji patah dan rusak karena serangan serangga atau cendawan. Populasi A. flavus ditentukan dengan metode pengenceran yang dilanjutkan dengan metode cawan tuang pada medium aspergillus flavus and parasiticus agar. Kandungan aflatoksin B 1 ditentukan menggunakan metode kromatografi lapis tipis. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa rataan persentase biji utuh, biji keriput, dan biji rusak kacang tanah yang diperoleh dari Pasar Anyar masing-masing ialah 70.6, 12.3, dan 17.1%, sedangkan yang diperoleh dari Pasar Bogor masing-masing ialah 60.2, 12.7 dan 27.1%. Rataan populasi A. flavus pada kacang tanah yang diperoleh dari Pasar Anyar dan Pasar Bogor masing-masing ialah 8194 cfu g-1 dan 983 cfu g-1. Rataan kandungan aflatoksin B 1 pada kacang tanah yang diperoleh dari Pasar Anyar dan Pasar Bogor masing-masing ialah 2.0 ppb dan 91.4 ppb. Sampel kacang tanah yang mengandung aflatoksin B 1 lebih dari 15 ppb dan diperoleh dari pasar Anyar dan pasar Bogor, masing-masing ialah 7.1% dan 25%.

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A survey on postharvest handling and technology processing of coffee beans at farmer, trader and exporter levels was conducted in West Lampung and Tanggamus regencies of Lampung province during harvest time (July 1998). Interviews and sampling of coffee beans were carried out during the survey. The number of respondents at farmer, trader and exporter levels was 22, 20 and 4, respectively, while the number of samples collected from each level was 20. All samples were analyzed for moisture content, physical quality, insect and fungal infestation, reducing sugar content, and coffee cupping. The results of the interviews indicated that postharvest handling and technology processing became better from farmers to exporters. Moisture contents of coffee beans collected from farmers and traders were higher than the tolerable limit recommended by SNI (13%). Physical quality of coffee beans collected from exporters was higher than that collected from farmers and traders. Insects were found on coffee beans collected from farmers, traders and exporters, but the number of species and the percentage of samples infested by insects from each level were relatively low. The predominant species was Liposcelis entomophila. The number of fungal species on coffee beans collected from farmers was higher than that collected from traders and exporters. The predominant species at the three levels was Aspergillus niger, but the lowest percentage of beans infected by this fungus was found on coffee beans collected from exporters. The lowest percentage of samples infected by all fungi was also found on coffee beans collected from exporters. Reducing sugar content of coffee beans collected from exporters was lower than that from farmers and traders. Aroma and flavor values tended to increase from farmers through traders to exporters, while the body decreased. Some off-flavors (i.e. earthy, mouldy, fermented and woody) were encountered in a few coffee samples from farmers as well as from traders. There was no off-flavor encountered in the coffee samples from exporters.

Hama biji pala merupakan penyebab kerusakan utama biji pala baik di lapangan maupun di penyimpanan. Informasi mengenai keanekaragaman serangga hama di penyimpanan dan metode pemanenan biji pala yang baik perlu diketahui untuk mengurangi tingkat kerusakan biji pala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman serangga hama dan persentase kerusakan biji pala akibat berbagai perlakuan pascapanen. Biji pala setiap perlakuan dikemas dalam karung goni dan disimpan selama empat bulan pada kondisi gudang. Setiap karung berisi biji pala dengan perlakuan berdasarkan asal buah pala (dipetik dari pohon atau dipungut di tanah), metode pengeringan (bantuan sinar matahari atau pengasapan), dan bercangkang atau tanpa cangkang sehingga terdapat delapan perlakuan dengan setiap perlakuan dibuat tiga ulangan. Setelah disimpan, dilakukan pengambilan sampel biji pala untuk menghitung jumlah setiap spesies serangga yang ditemukan, menentukan populasi serangga, dan penentuan persentase biji rusak. Empat spesies serangga ditemukan pada biji pala dari hampir semua perlakuan, yaitu Araecerus fasciculatus (Degeer) (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), Carpophilus dimidiatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), dan Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). A. fasciculatus merupakan serangga yang paling dominan dibandingkan dengan spesies lain. Persentase biji rusak pada biji pala berasal dari buah pala yang dipungut di tanah, dikeringkan baik dengan bantuan sinar matahari maupun menggunakan pengasapan, bercangkang dan tanpa cangkang lebih tinggi daripada biji pala yang berasal dari buah pala yang dipetik dari pohon dengan berbagai perlakuan. Rekomendasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah buah pala yang telah masak sebaiknya dipetik dari pohon, kemudian biji pala bercangkang dikeringkan baik dengan bantuan sinar matahari maupun pengasapan dan disimpan beserta cangkangya.

Indonesia is the world’s fourth-largest coffee producer after Brazil, Vietnam, and Columbia, in which one of its well-known coffee originates from the Toraja region, South Sulawesi. As such, Indonesia has to compete with these countries in producing good quality coffee beans. Consequently, this research aimed (a) to obtain information on the postharvest handling methods of Arabica coffee (C. arabica) beans in Tana Toraja, North Toraja Regencies, and Makassar Municipality, Indonesia, and (b) to investigate the occurrence of fungi (including ochratoxin A producing fungi) in stored Arabica coffee beans collected from various stages of the delivery chain. The data collection process included surveys, interviews, and sample collections conducted in May and July 2016 at each level of the delivery chain. The moisture content (MC) and the physical quality of the beans were also measured to determine its quality. Sixty-four (64) coffee bean samples were collected, consisting of 27 samples from the farmers, 15 samples from the collectors, 13 samples from the traders, and 9 samples from the exporters. The results showed that the moisture contents of coffee beans collected from the farmers and bean collectors (42.5%) were significantly higher than the maximum tolerable limit determined by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) (13%), while the MC of the beans from the traders and exporters (9.7-10.9%) was significantly lower. Based on the total defective values, coffee beans from the farmers had more diverse grades (1-6) than those at other levels. Penicillium citrinum was the dominant fungus found in those beans collected from the farmers, collectors, and traders, while Aspergillus niger was the dominant fungus found in those beans from the exporters. At trader level, 46% of the samples were infected by Aspergillus ochraceus and A. niger, which are known as ochratoxin A (OTA) producing fungi. At exporter level, 44% of the samples were infected by A. ochraceus, while 78% of the samples were infected by A. niger. Thus, the postharvest handling methods conducted especially by farmers and collectors of Arabica coffee beans should be improved to reduce the moisture content and to increase the grade quality of the coffee beans.