No abstract

Kacang tanah merupakan bahan pangan yang perlu dijamin mutunya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kualitas fisik, populasi Aspergillus flavus, dan kandungan aflatoksin B 1 pada biji kacang tanah mentah yang diperoleh dari pengecer di dua pasar tradisional (Pasar Anyar dan Pasar Bogor) di Kota Bogor. Jumlah sampel biji kacang tanah mentah masing-masing pasar sebanyak 14 dan 12 sampel. Kualitas fisik biji ditentukan berdasarkan persentase biji utuh, biji keriput, dan biji rusak. Biji rusak meliputi biji patah dan rusak karena serangan serangga atau cendawan. Populasi A. flavus ditentukan dengan metode pengenceran yang dilanjutkan dengan metode cawan tuang pada medium aspergillus flavus and parasiticus agar. Kandungan aflatoksin B 1 ditentukan menggunakan metode kromatografi lapis tipis. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa rataan persentase biji utuh, biji keriput, dan biji rusak kacang tanah yang diperoleh dari Pasar Anyar masing-masing ialah 70.6, 12.3, dan 17.1%, sedangkan yang diperoleh dari Pasar Bogor masing-masing ialah 60.2, 12.7 dan 27.1%. Rataan populasi A. flavus pada kacang tanah yang diperoleh dari Pasar Anyar dan Pasar Bogor masing-masing ialah 8194 cfu g-1 dan 983 cfu g-1. Rataan kandungan aflatoksin B 1 pada kacang tanah yang diperoleh dari Pasar Anyar dan Pasar Bogor masing-masing ialah 2.0 ppb dan 91.4 ppb. Sampel kacang tanah yang mengandung aflatoksin B 1 lebih dari 15 ppb dan diperoleh dari pasar Anyar dan pasar Bogor, masing-masing ialah 7.1% dan 25%.

No abstract

Indonesia is the world’s fourth-largest coffee producer after Brazil, Vietnam, and Columbia, in which one of its well-known coffee originates from the Toraja region, South Sulawesi. As such, Indonesia has to compete with these countries in producing good quality coffee beans. Consequently, this research aimed (a) to obtain information on the postharvest handling methods of Arabica coffee (C. arabica) beans in Tana Toraja, North Toraja Regencies, and Makassar Municipality, Indonesia, and (b) to investigate the occurrence of fungi (including ochratoxin A producing fungi) in stored Arabica coffee beans collected from various stages of the delivery chain. The data collection process included surveys, interviews, and sample collections conducted in May and July 2016 at each level of the delivery chain. The moisture content (MC) and the physical quality of the beans were also measured to determine its quality. Sixty-four (64) coffee bean samples were collected, consisting of 27 samples from the farmers, 15 samples from the collectors, 13 samples from the traders, and 9 samples from the exporters. The results showed that the moisture contents of coffee beans collected from the farmers and bean collectors (42.5%) were significantly higher than the maximum tolerable limit determined by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) (13%), while the MC of the beans from the traders and exporters (9.7-10.9%) was significantly lower. Based on the total defective values, coffee beans from the farmers had more diverse grades (1-6) than those at other levels. Penicillium citrinum was the dominant fungus found in those beans collected from the farmers, collectors, and traders, while Aspergillus niger was the dominant fungus found in those beans from the exporters. At trader level, 46% of the samples were infected by Aspergillus ochraceus and A. niger, which are known as ochratoxin A (OTA) producing fungi. At exporter level, 44% of the samples were infected by A. ochraceus, while 78% of the samples were infected by A. niger. Thus, the postharvest handling methods conducted especially by farmers and collectors of Arabica coffee beans should be improved to reduce the moisture content and to increase the grade quality of the coffee beans.

was the predominant  species in producing fumonisin on agricultural products. Fumonisisn B1 (FB1) is the most abundant fumonisin in nature and the most toxic than other fumonisin. The main factors affecting the growth of   and production of fumonisin are temperature and humidity. This research aimed to assess the effect of changes in temperature and humidity on the growth of  and FB1 production on maize and soybeans medium. Maize and soybeans that have inoculated with suspension Bio 957 were incubated at 20, 30 and 40 °C with 70, 80 and 90% of humidity for 14 days. Observations of growth made by weighing the cells mass and analysis of FB1 production performed by HPLC. The results showed that the highest growth of   Bio 957 in maize and soybeans was occurred at temperature 30 °C and 90% of humidity, the cell mass weights were 904,5 and 885,5 mg per 20 g of maize and soybeans respectively. The highest concentration of FB1 in maize and soybeans were 374 and 67 pbb respectively, observed at temperature 30 °C for maize and 20 °Cfor soybeans, both at same humidity (90%). The results showed that   Bio 957 was able to grow well and produced the highest concentrations of FB1 in maize and soybeans at a temperature of 20 and 30 °C with 90% ofhumidity. At a temperature of 40 °C with 70, 80 and 90% of humidity, the growth of was not observed, therefore FB1 formation was avoided.Keywords: Fumonisin B1,  Bio 957, humidity, temperatureABSTRAKadalah spesies  yang dominan dalam memproduksi fumonisin pada produk-produk pertanian. Fumonisin B1 (FB1) merupakan fumonisin yang paling banyak ditemukan di alam dan paling toksik dibandingkan jenis fumonisin lainnya. Faktor ekstrinsik utama yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan  dan produksi FB1 adalah suhu dan kelembaban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh suhu dan kelembabanterhadap pertumbuhan  Bio 957 dan produksi FB1 pada media jagung dan kedelai. Jagung dan kedelai yang telah diiinokulasi dengan suspensi   Bio 957 diinkubasi pada suhu 20, 30 dan 40 °C dengan kelembaban 70, 80 dan 90% selama 14 hari. Pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukan dengan penimbangan massa sel dan analisis konsentrasi FB1 dilakukan dengan HPLC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan  Bio 957 pada jagung dan kedelai paling tinggi terjadi pada suhu 30 °C dan kelembaban 90%, berat massa selnya yaitu 904,5 dan 885,5 mg per 20 g masing-masing jagung dan kedelai. Konsentrasi FB1 paling tinggi pada jagungdan kedelai masing-masing yaitu 374 dan 67 ppb, pengamatan pada suhu 30 °C pada jagung dan 20 °C pada kedelai, keduanya pada kelembaban yang sama (90%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  Bio 957 mampu tumbuh dengan baik dan menghasilkan konsentrasi FB1 paling tinggi pada jagung dan kedelai pada suhu 20 dan 30 °C dengan kelembaban 90%. Pada suhu 40 °C dengan kelembaban 70, 80 dan 90%,  Bio 957 tidak menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan, sehingga pembentukan FB1 dapat dihindari.Kata kunci: Fumonisin B1, Bio 957, kelembaban, suhu