Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin probably concerned in the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) in adults. The aim was to explore serum BDNF relationship with metabolic syndrome components before and after one-year of the lifestyle intervention program in obese children. Forty obese children and forty age and gender-matched lean controls were studied. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid profile, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum BDNF, before and after one year of diet control and physical activity were measured. At baseline, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides were significantly higher in obese children relative to controls (P=0.00). Serum BDNF concentration was significantly lower in obese children than in lean controls (P=0.00), and its mean concentration of the subjects with MS was significantly lower than those without MS, and control group (P< 0.001). Linear regression analysis suggested that high waist: hip ratio, body adiposity index, fat percentage, diastolic BP, fasting blood glucose, LDL and HOMA-IR are good predictors for decreased serum BDNF concentration in obese children. After one-year intervention program, the obese group showed a significant increase in serum BDNF, and HDL, paralleled by a significant decline in fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides as compared to the baseline (P =0.00). Serum BDNF was lower in obese children than in lean controls, and seemed to be linked with the metabolic syndrome components. One-year lifestyle intervention program succeeded to enhance BDNF serum concentration in these children.

Obesity has become a serious health issue as it is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and cardiovascular risk. Studies in adults proved that serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a potent mediator for cardiovascular diseases. This study was planned to assess serum MPO activity in obese children and adolescents to elucidate if MPO is linked with cardiovascular risk parameters. This research work was conducted on 90 subjects (50 obese and 40 controls of matched age and sex). Each group was classified into 2 subgroups according to tanner stage into prepubertal and pubertal. Clinical examination and anthropometric measures were performed for all subjects. Also serum MPO, glucose, insulin, CRP, and lipid panel were analyzed. Significant rise (P<0.05) in serum MPO, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and a significant drop (P<0.01) in serum HDL values were recorded in the group of prepubertal, and pubertal obese individuals relative to controls. Serum MPO activity showed positive correlation with waist: hip ratio, body fat percentage, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR. While it revealed inverse correlation with basal metabolic rate. Linear regression indicated that serum MPO activity has a good association with cardiovascular risk parameters as BMI-z score, waist: hip ratio, serum insulin and HOMA-IR in both prepubertal, and pubertal obese subjects. The cut off value of MPO activity was 480 pg/ ml in pre-pubertal group with sensitivity of 85.8% and specificity of 71%, and 490 pg/ ml in pubertal group with sensitivity of 84.6 % and specificity of 59%. This study emphasized the elevated MPO activity in the serum of prepubertal, and pubertal obese individuals. Therefore, MPO could be considered as a potential link between obesity and cardiovascular complications in prepubertal, and pubertal population.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is a circulating glycoprotein that reduces uptake of insulin-stimulated glucose and is related to obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, the influence of exercise and nutritional plan on serum DPP-IV in children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome remains unclear. To judge serum activity of DPP-IV in obese children and adolescents with and without metabolic syndrome, and to assess the impact of exercise, and nutritional regimen on serum DPP-IV activity, metabolic syndrome components, and insulin resistance issue in children and adolescents with obesity. This study included 80 Egyptian individuals; 40 obese subjects (group Ι), and 40 healthy non-obese subjects (group ΙΙ) with matched age and sex. Serum DPP-IV activity, lipid panel, glucose, and insulin levels were quantified. Serum DPP-IV enzyme activity of obese patients with MS revealed significant elevation than those who did not have MS, and control counterparts (P < 0.001). The serum DPP-IV enzyme activity, lipid panel except HDL, and HOMA-IR were significantly suppressed after weight loss due to exercise and nutritional regimen. In obese patients at baseline, serum High BMI Z-score, W/H ratio, BAI, and serum triglycerides are the main actors in stimulating DPP-IV enzyme activity in obese patients by linear regression analysis, and they were positively correlated with DPP-IV enzyme activity. BMI z-score, W/H ratio, BAI, and serum triglycerides are closely associated with high serum DPP-IV enzyme activity in obese patients. The reduced DPP-IV enzyme activity after weight loss is paralleled by a significant modulation of HOMA-IR.

Goal of the work: foal of our work is study of prevalence of food allergies and risk factors in children's population in selected populations of Tbilisi, Batumi and Kutaisi-Tskaltubo Materials and methods Studied population includes 2655 children (2010-2013) from 1-month to 14-year age. 1359 of them were girls and 1296boys (I group: children from 1 month to 6 years and II groupfrom 6 years to 14 years). At the first 3