Paradigma pengelolaan sumber daya alam di sektor pertambangan yang dilakukan pemerintah selama ini menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan, antara lain: semakin meningkatnya konflik, kerusakan lingkungan dan tingkat kemiskinan masyarakat yang belum berubah serta mengabaikan sistem nilai, sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya masyarakat lokal. Sebagaimana yang terjadi di Lumajang, Konflik pertambangan di Lumajang berkaitan dengan isu sengketa kepemilikan lahan antara masyarakat dengan penambang maupun perusahaan tambang, interaksi pelaku tambang dengan masyarakat sekitar lokasi tambang, legalitas aktivitas pertambangan, degradasi lingkungan akibat adanya aktivitas lingkungan, dan regulasi pertambangan. Dalam kaitan itu diperlukan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa alternatif atau alternative dispute resolution yang tidak membuat masyarakat tergantung pada dunia hukum yang terbatas kapasitasnya, namun tetap dapat menghadirkan rasa keadilan dan penyelesaian masalah. Mekanisme tersebut sebenarnya telah memiliki dasar hukum dan telah memiliki preseden serta pernah dipraktikkan di Indonesia walau jarang disadari. Mekanisme tersebut juga memiliki potensi untuk semakin dikembangkan di Indonesia.The paradigm of natural resource management in the mining sector by the government, has brought many problems, among others: the increasing conflict, environmental degradation and the poverty rate has not changed and the society that ignores the value system, social, economic, cultural and local communities. As in Lumajang, Lumajang mining conflicts relating to issues of land ownership disputes between communities and miners and mining companies, mining offender interaction with the community around the mine site, the legality of mining activities, environmental degradation due to environmental activities, and mining regulations. That regard the necessary mechanisms of alternative dispute resolution does not make people dependent on the legal capacity, but still can bring a sense of justice and problem resolution. The mechanism actually has a legal basis and already have a precedent and once practiced in Indonesia though rarely recognized. The mechanism also has the potential for further development in Indonesia.
The purpose of this article about legal policy for oil and natural gas in Indonesia base on 33 Key words: legal policy, oil and natural gas AbstrakPolitik hukum adalah kebijakan dasar penyelenggaraan Negara dalam bidang hukum yang akan, sedang dan telah berlaku yang bersumber dari nilai-nilai yang berlaku di masyarakat untuk mencapai tujuan Negara yang dicita-citakan mencakup ius constitutum dan ius constituendum. Politik hukum pengelolaan minyak dan gas bumi yang berlaku pada kurun waktu tertentu di Indonesia menyebabkan pengaruh yang berbeda-beda terhadap kesejahteraan sosial yang dicita-citakan. Prespektif penguasaan dan pengusahaan kepemilikan energi menjadi semakin kabur, padahal Pasal 33 UUD 1945 telah memberikan batasan kepemilikan sumber daya alam oleh Negara untuk kesejahteraan rakyat. Karenanya, perlu segera dilakukan reinterpretasi kepemilikan energi secara faktual dan de facto, dalam perkembangan politik hukum minyak dan gas bumi di Indonesia untuk mengembalikan dalam kerangka de jure dan ideal, yang sesuai dengan semangat Pasal 33 UUD 1945 sebagai landasan filosofis politik hukum pengelolaan minyak dan gas bumi. Kata Kunci: politik hukum, minyak dan gas bumi Latar BelakangMinyak dan gas bumi merupakan salah satu dari sumber daya alam (non-renewable) strategis tidak terbarukan yang dikuasai oleh negara serta merupakan komoditas vital yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak dan mempunyai peranan penting dalam perekonomian nasional sehingga pengelolaannya harus dapat secara maksimal memberikan kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan rakyat. Pasal 33 ayat (2) dan ayat (3) UndangUndang Dasar (UUD) 1945 menegaskan bahwa cabang-cabang produksi yang penting bagi negara dan yang menguasai hajat hidup orang banyak dikuasai oleh negara. Demikian pula bumi, air dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung di dalamnya dikuasai oleh negara dan dipergunakan sebesarbesarnya untuk kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan rakyat.Pada tataran implementasi pengelolaan sumber daya minyak dan gas bumi diarahkan hanya untuk investasi dan ekspor, sehingga terdapat indikasi adanya politik hukum obral 115
The format for regulating new and renewable energy in the draft law on new and renewable energy in Indonesia still contains many polemics and problems. This is motivated by various problems of conception and substance in it, such as misconceptions about nomenclature, problems with institutional formats, licensing problems, and the accommodation of nuclear energy. This paper aims to analyze the potential impacts and prospects of energy using a green constitution point of view. This study used normative juridical research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results show that the environment is the dominant entity affected by energy management and utilization activities, both fossil energy and new renewable energy with different potential impacts. The prospect of a green constitution has been contained in the draft law on new and renewable energy, but it cannot be realized optimally because transition policies in Indonesia still have dual orientations and overlapping arrangements. The principles of a green constitution can be a guiding concept and norm for the format of regulation and implementation of the use and utilization of new and renewable energy so that it is in line with the values of environmental protection and preservation.
This paper aims specifically to outline the norm validity in Article 181 paragraph (2)Chapter XIII of Act Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation associated with the review model on regional regulations through judicial review. This act regulates the harmonization and synchronization of regional regulations carried out by the Government. Meanwhile, according to Article 24A paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the authority to examine statutory regulations under the law against the law is in the hand of the Supreme Court through a judicial review mechanism. This is also confirmed by the Constitutional Court in its Decisions Number 137/PUU-XIII/2015 and Number 56/PUU-XIV/2016 regarding the norm cancellation of regional regulation review by the Government. The research method used was normative legal research. The analysis was carried out using a statutory approach and then analyzed based on the related legal theory. The result of this research was that the norms of Article 181 paragraph (2) Chapter XIII of Act Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation is invalid. The mechanism concept for harmonization and synchronization of regional regulation carried out by the Government should be limited when it is still in the form of draft in order to actualize the legal certainty so that the law enforcement becomes more effective and efficient.
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