Justice and critical mineral development in Indonesia and across ASEAN

Responsible sourcing for energy transitions: Discussing academic narratives of responsible sourcing through the lens of natural resources justice

“…Currently, RS is rather considered as a means to secure access to raw materials and markets and NRJ is not directly and holistically addressed. For the mineral resource sector, our results align with previous studies (Heffron, 2020;Qurbani et al, 2021), finding a lack of holistic justice considerations in extractive operations. Recent research tends to indirectly address justice by identifying certain topics or problems without explicitly referring to the already well-established justice discourses in other academic fields.…”

A critical review of energy democracy: A failure to deliver justice?

“…Furthermore, the JUST Framework combines the concern for the local with the concern for the universal and with the concern with time. Scholars have utilised the JUST Framework more recently as a practical framework in exploring justice in the development of critical minerals [32,64].…”

“…Distributive justice is among the three pillars sustaining the research and the practical realisation of justice. In examining distributive justice from a JUST Framework perspective (following [32,62,64]) there is a need to look at a number of core issues, for example taxation, revenue management and transparency issues. In terms of energy democracy, the essential argument has been that small-scale energy projects increase distribution in terms of providing energy access and, generally, the sharing of income from the project.…”

The security of critical mineral supply chains

“…Based on recent academic papers, newspaper commentaries, and national policies, there are several possible future changes in the division of labor in the global critical minerals value chain. (1) Inter-regional national key minerals alliances, such as the US-led Energy Resources Governance Initiative Alliance; (2) Technology alliances in key minerals value chains to create regional proprietary technology barriers (Dessemond et al 2019 ); (3) “green trade barriers” and “labor human rights barriers” in key minerals value chains (Qurbani et al 2021 ); and (4) “ Re-shoring.” The transfer of high-risk segments of the chain to home countries or allies (Bacchetta et al 2021 ).…”