Leadership is essential in promoting democratic citizenship, and the village government level is not an exception. Using the experience of Panggungharjo Village, Bantul, this paper tries to understand the roles of leadership in supporting the fulfillment of citizens’ rights being related to the context of the Law 6/2014 on Village. Based on interviews conducted during October-November 2016, this paper found that transactional and transformational leadership approaches, conceptualized by Burns (1978), as Panggungharjo Head Village applies, are influential to the effectiveness of public services and welfare provisions. When used complementary and strategically, the two leadership styles determine the effectiveness of village leadership and reform initiatives. Indeed, there is an issue of power that is crucial to take into account. In comprehending this important aspect, Lukes’s (1976, 2005) concept of power dimensions is helpful. His diagram of power consists of tangible power engineering (First Dimension), a new system of procedures that create barriers for potential political opponents (Second Dimension), and the enactment of new norms (Third Dimension). In Panggungharjo the Village Head’s leadership, approach is widely recognized as one the success stories in Indonesian village governance. Nevertheless, this effective and functioning government has resulted in a leadership practice that has created “beneficiaries” rather than “shaper and maker” citizens (Gaventa 2001, 2002, 2004). This outcome may not optimally underpin active citizenship, since in order to promote democratic citizenship, active citizens are a prerequisite.

This paper argued that the gating system intensifies existing divergence of the gated communities and the kampung communities. The significant dissimilarities between the residents and the dwellers strongly indicate social inequality. The notion of gated society at the neighborhood level remains problematic. The existence of fortress raises some ethical questions whether the rich, the high-level professional, and the famous have right to fort to themselves and keep other citizens out, whether they have privilege to set the boundaries and live separately from society as well as maintain the amenities exclusively. The gated society inevitably brings enormous policy consequences. This paper recommend housing policy as social legislation to regulate the notion of gated society. The long term practices of exclusion within fortress, and public space privatization will impede the function and very idea of the future citizenship. Beyond social redistribution, the principle idea of housing policy is promoting inclusive right for sustainable development. The absence of the inclusiveness results in a decline of democracy.

No abstract

No abstract

Said innovative policy and influencing movements, the circumstance of governing natural resources has been changing in the last decade. Along with the wave of democratization in the late 1990s, the global norms of transparency and accountability reach new leverage today, including in Southeast Asia. The norms ignite the active participation of civil societies in controlling extractive governance – a praxis that never been occurred in two or three decades ago. Meanwhile, the governments require people active participation to advance people trust and political legitimation.                Innovative policy and influencing movements stand at the central argumentations of this book. Perceive as an introduction, this book denotes contributions on the extractive industry governance by using the lenses of civil society movements to acquaint intricacy of the sectors. There is a “resource curse” or paradox of plenty refers to the paradox that countries with an abundance of natural resources tend to have less economic growth and worse development outcomes. Therefore, the civil engagement has been perceived as a tool to ensure the benefit of extractive industries run for the greatest benefit of the people, as well as mitigates the risk and undesirable impacts of the extractive operations.Throughout the selected articles, the book addresses on how civil societies engage in the extractive industries governance and through what mechanisms. Instead of outlining resource revenues management as the crucial aspects to be monitored by the citizens, this book rather highlights political perspective to challenge conventional understanding that extractive industries are pure – exclusively – economic affairs. The analysis convinces that extractive industry is highly political since they draw elites into the core decision-making. The high intensity of money and high technology within sectors subsequently renders those activities beyond the reach of the public. Thus, strong civil societies with the active participation are required to undermine oligarch notions and miss use power of the extractive sectors.The discussion of civil society engagements in this book is divided into process and results. The selected cases depict experiences from the local, national, and transnational contexts enrich the discussion and provide civil society movements in a broader sense. The multi-governance perspectives are used to picture the multiple factors enabling the movements, including various challenges and opportunities for the engagements. The elaboration on the book’s content will become the entry point to the more critical discussion in the subsequent of this review.