Periodontitis can lead to the destruction of the alveolar bone. The loss of the alveolar bone can be treated using carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) as a bone graft material. However, CHA is an alloplastic graft whose primary function is to act as a scaffold, but it is unable to stimulate the process of bone regeneration. Carbonated hydroxyapatite is an avascular synthetic material, which will increase the risk of bacterial adhesion on site that can lead to unsuccessful periodontal therapy. The incorporation of propolis into CHA is expected to add antibacterial capability into CHA. Besides its antibacterial property, propolis also has a bone regenerating effect. Mixing CHA with propolis needs to consider the process of loading the active ingredients into the carrier. The release of propolis is expected to occur gradually over a lengthy period. The purpose of this study was to analyze the loading and releasing assay for propolis incorporated with CHA. A propolis solution of 5%, 7.5%, and 10% was each incorporated into 10 mg of CHA. The loading percentage and releasing assay of propolis were measured. The absorbance reading was done at 289 nm using a UV-vis. It was shown that a 10% propolis solution had the highest loading percentage (32.08%), while the 5% propolis solution had the smallest loading percentage (10.63%). The propolis releasing profiles in all concentration groups were similar. The difference in propolis concentration incorporated with CHA affected the loading percentage but did not affect the propolis releasing assay.

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Background: Alveolar bone defects caused by periodontitis may require regenerative therapy to restore bone structure. Propolis possesses antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which can stimulate bone regeneration. Propolis-carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) material was applied during open flap debridement (OFD) in periodontitis therapy. Purpose: To analyse the effect of the application of 10% propolis-CHA after OFD on type 1 collagen expression on periodontitis-induced rabbits. Methods: Six male rabbits, aged 5–8 months, weight 1500–2000 grams, were ligated with wire and injected with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for six weeks to induce periodontitis. The samples were divided into three groups: group A (OFD only), group B (OFD+CHA) and group C (OFD+10% propolis-CHA). To acquire 10% propolis-CHA, the CHA block was cut into 10mg and then immersed in 1ml of 10% propolis solution for 24 hours at room temperature. Decapitation was performed on the seventh and 14th day after OFD was performed on each group and microscopic slides were prepared for type 1 collagen examination. The data was analysed using a two-way ANOVA with a 95% confidence interval followed by a post hoc LSD test. Results: The type 1 collagen expression in group C (61.36±1.88 on day seven and 70.25±3.89 on day 14) was significantly different from group A (42.91±1.78 on day seven and 45.18±2.48 on day 14) and group B (43.91±5.31 on day seven and 59.63±3.27 on day 14) on both the seventh day and the 14th day (p=0.000). Conclusion: The administration of 10% propolis-CHA during OFD can increase the type 1 collagen expression in the alveolar bone of rabbits on the seventh and 14th day.

Background: Gingival recession can cause esthetic problems, especially if it occurs in the maxillary anterior region. Gingival recession accompanied by endodontic complications requires a multidisciplinary approach to achieve successful therapy. Objective: To report the treatment of Miller’s class-III gingival recession using laterally stretched flap + connective tissue graft with frenotomy and apicoectomy in one visit. Case Report: A healthy 24-year-old man presented with chief complaints of open and painful gums on his left upper front tooth. After objective and radiographic examinations, the diagnosis of tooth 21 was Miller’s class-III gingival recession, that is, plaque and calculus with endo–perio lesions and grade 1 luxation. The treatment given included scaling, root planning, curettage, retreatment of root canal and root coverage therapy with frenotomy and apicoectomy. Results: The results obtained were partial root coverage of 71.4% and an increase in the thickness of keratinized tissue. Conclusion: Healing of periodontal tissue damage accompanied by endodontic lesions showed success and obtained stable treatment results with a multidisciplinary approach. Keywords: Miller’s class-III gingival recession, endodontic lesion, laterally stretched flap, apicoectomy