Infant mortality is a sensitive indicator to measure the health condition of a population. Despite large declines in infant mortality rates in Indonesia, the people living in rural areas are the most affected. This study aims to analyze the causes of infant mortality in rural Indonesia and suggested strategies for its reduction. This study is an analytical cross-sectional design based on the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) dataset for children. The information on infant deaths collected from those mothers who experienced infant deaths. Series of logistic regression models were used to select the significant factors affecting infant mortality in rural Indonesia. Infant mortality is associated with intermediate social determinants such as birth order, birth weight, and breastfeeding status. Socio-demographic factors such as the educational status of mothers, wealth quintile, the smoking habit of the mother, age of mother at first delivery, and sex of the baby are also related to infant mortality. The most crucial factors in rural Indonesia were the age of first-time mothers. As a strategy for addressing the issue of infant mortality in rural areas, the result of the study highlights the need for decreasing adolescent pregnancies among the youngest age groups. Pregnant mothers in the youngest age group should be supported by quality maternal health services to ensure their pregnancies in healthy condition. The focus of breastfeeding promotion programs should be encouraged, particularly on early initiation and duration of breastfeeding.

Adolescent fertility is an essential issue because it is associated with the level of morbidity and mortality of mothers and children. Kalimantan provinces own fertility problems. Teenagers are still complex, including Age Specific Fertility Rate 15-19 years is still significant. It is recorded that 4.6% of children aged 10-17 years in Kalimantan have got married. The objective of this study is to identify the predictive model of factors correlated with provincial youth fertility in Kalimantan. The analysis was conducted by employing descriptive and inferential methods and binary logistic regression. The results of the study were among 433 adolescents in Kalimantan, 11% were married, 9.9% had given birth or were pregnant with their first child, 14.1% experienced sexual relations and 3.1% encountered sex at <15 years of age. The data employed was the 2017 Indonesian Health Demographic Survey with a unit of analysis for adolescents aged 15-19 years in 5 provinces in Kalimantan totaling 433 respondents. The sampling technique employed total sampling. Statistically, it is discovered a significant relationship between age, marital status, adolescent sexual behavior, contraceptive use status, education level, economic status, and access to the internet with youth fertility in Kalimantan. The results of logistic regression analysis displayed that the variable of family planning use possess the most effect on adolescent fertility simultaneously with the strength of the relationship OR (Expβ) = 0.2.  Suggestions for further research to further scrutinize relevant programs such as maturing age at marriage and parenting skill to suppress adolescent fertility.