Problem solving skills are important to have in the 21st century. In the online learning period, students are required to be able to learn independently from home. However, in fact the motivation of students' learning has decreased. To facilitate students' self-learning during online learning, improving learning motivation and problem solving skills, teachers need to provide interesting learning materials. Therefore, this research aims to develop self-learning materials in the form of problem based learning e-module flipbooks on Environmentally Friendly Technology materials. This research is research and development with Lee Owens development model namely analysis, design, development and evaluation. The data collected in the form of qualitative data in the form of comments and suggestions validators and quantitative data in the form of validation scores of material experts, media and readability. The data collection instruments used are material expert validation test sheets, media experts, teachers and readability tests. Data analysis techniques are descriptive analysis. The results showed that the e-module flipbook developed has a succession of feasibility percentages from the validation tests of material experts, media experts and teachers, namely 84.03, 84.62 and 95.00%. Meanwhile, the percentage of readability tests to students was 87.81%. Teachers and students showed a response that the developed flipbook was interesting and suitable for self-learning during the pandemic. It can be concluded that, the e-module flipbook developed falls into the category of very valid (worth using) and excellent. It is expected to test the effectiveness of flipbooks to learning and develop flipbooks for other materials

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Online learning that has been carried out more or less in the past year has caused student studying saturation. The provision of material through Youtube videos, articles or handouts in pdf form is generally done by teachers. In fact, technology has provided many alternatives that can be used as more interesting learning media, for example Powtoon. Therefore, this study aims to provide training to teachers in developing materials in the form of Powtoon in order to increase students' learning motivation, especially during online learning. This research includes community service research. The steps taken are; 1) Pre-implementation, in the form of needs analysis, 2) Implementation, in the form of training with Powtoon development materials as learning media, filling out questionnaires, independent work, discussions and 3) Post-implementation, in the form of evaluation of activities. The implementation of the training showed the enthusiasm of the participants as seen from the life of the discussion session. Based on the questionnaire filled out by the participants, the implementation of the training has been well implemented with suggestions for adding other innovative media materials, and improving teacher competence in other matters. In addition, the results of the development and use of Powtoon media carried out by participants showed that students were enthusiastic and motivated in learning

Naturalistic intelligence is a part of multiple intelligences, while problem-solving skills are part of higher-order thinking. Both are learning outcomes required to be developed and improved since these competences were considered poor in Indonesia. Field trip is a learning method that can encourage students to interact directly with the real object in nature. That learning method is expected to improve students' naturalistic intelligence and problem-solving skills. In this case, this research was conducted to discover the influence of field trip on students' naturalistic intelligence and problem-solving skills. This research was an experimental research using pre-test and post-test design. The eighth-graders of Islamic school (Madrasah Tsanawiyah) Pameungpeuk, Garut, year of 2017/2018 were employed as the respondents. The obtained data were analysed using the average comparison tests, which were t-test (for parametric data) and Wilcoxon test (for nonparametric data) with α value of 0.05. Based on the analysis, there was a significant difference of students' natural intelligence with the sign value of 00,05. These results were supported by the percentage of the affective aspect questionnaire in naturalistic intelligence. In problem-solving skills analysis, the test score revealed a significant difference with sign value of 0.025 even though the results of the questionnaire only showed a slight difference. Therefore, it was concluded that field trip influenced students' naturalistic intelligence, however, it had no influence on the affective aspect of problemsolving skills, and conversely it influenced the cognitive aspect of problem-solving skills. Field trip is potential to be an alternative method for teacher in junior high school to improve naturalistic intelligence and problem-solving skills applied in ecosystem subject.

Abstract. Fardhani I, Torimaru T, Kisanuki H. 2020. The vertical distribution of epiphytic orchids on Schima wallichii trees in a montane forest in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 290-298. Schima wallichii Choisy. is a mostly montane species native to the island of Java; it grows on degraded land areas and is widely used for forest restoration. We studied the vertical distribution of epiphytic orchids on these trees in montane forest on Mt. Sanggara, West Java, Indonesia. To this end, 40 S. wallichii trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) > 20 cm were chosen haphazardly and their epiphytic orchids were identified The diameter and height of each host tree were measured. The position of each epiphytic orchid on each host tree was allocated to one of five zones using Johansson’s method. In total, 39 epiphytic orchid species were identified on 40 host trees at the study site. There was no significant difference in orchid abundance or species richness between crown zones. However, there were significant differences in orchid abundance and species richness between trunks and crowns. Host tree size (DBH) and the number of branches were positively correlated with orchid abundance and species richness. The numbers of orchids and other epiphytic plants were positively correlated in the mid-crown and outer-crown. S. wallichii trees are essential for the epiphytic orchid community because they produce many branches that are suitable for colonization.