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Background:The prevalence of dysmenorrhea reached 64.25% of young women in Indonesia. The pain can affect daily activities and quality of life. Some studies show that calcium consumption reduces dysmenorrheal pain. Objective: To determine the effects of a combination of calcium to relieve dysmenorrheal pain and improve the quality of life of female students in Yogyakarta. Methods: The study design was quasi-experimental. It took place from September 2017 to June 2018. The subjects were 60 female students aged 15-22 years old in a social sciences faculty of a university in Yogyakarta who experienced primary dysmenorrheal pain. They were divided into two groups, kontrol and treatment, and determined randomly. The administration of calcium combination to the treatment group started from day 15 up to before menstruation. Pain was measured using VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) method and the quality of life was assessed using BPI (Brief Pain Inventory). Results: Dysmenorrheal pain intensity in the treatment and kontrol groups was 2.80±1.99 and 0.97±1.52 (p-value <0.05), respectively, while the quality of life in both was 2.75±0.43 and 0.69±0.24 (p-value <0.05). Conclusion:There was a significant effect of the administration of calcium combination on relieved dysmenorrheal pain and improved quality of life among female students in Yogyakarta.

Aims. To provide an overview of the types of interventions performed by community pharmacists and describe their effects on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA-Scr guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for (non-) randomized controlled, before-after, and interrupted time series design. There was no restriction in the publication language. Included interventions had to be delivered by community pharmacists in primary care and community settings. The study quality was assessed using the National Institute of Health tools. Results were analyzed descriptively. Results. Twenty-eight studies were included representing 4,434 patients (mean age from 47.4 to 59.5 years, 55.4% female). Four studies were single- and the remaining studies were multiple-component interventions. Face-to-face counseling of patients was the most common intervention, often combined with providing printed materials, remote consultations, or conducting medication reviews. Generally, studies showed improved outcomes in the intervention group, including clinical, patient-reported and medication safety outcomes. In most studies at least one domain was judged to be of poor quality, with heterogeneity among studies. Conclusions. Community pharmacist-led interventions among T2DM patients showed positive effects in LMICs, but the quality of the evidence was poor. Face-to-face counseling of varying intensity, often combined with other strategies, was the most common type of intervention. Although these findings support the expansion of the role of the community pharmacist in diabetes care in LMICs, better quality studies are needed to evaluate further impact.

Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) is one of peripheral neuropathic pain. Although concensus guidelines for the treatment of neuropathic pain are based on the results of the RCT studies, there are still gaps in the literatures. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and quality of life of gabapentin and amitriptyline for the treatment of pain in HNP. The method used a quasi experimental with consequtive sampling. This study included 30 patients in the gabapentin group and 26 patients in the amitriptyline group, and each group was evaluated for 1 month. Effectiveness was assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) every 2 weeks then analized by independent and paired sample t test. The results showed that the use of gabapentin and amitriptilin in 4 weeks showed the decrease of pain score measured by visual analog scale 3.70 ± 0.349 and 3.500 ± 0.34 although there was no statistical difference (p value = 0.704). To sum up, effectiveness of gabapentin and amitriptyline in the treatment of neuropathic pain did not have statistical difference.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) di Indonesia diperkirakan akan meningkat hingga 23,3 juta kematian di tahun 2030. Pasien CHF biasanya diikuti penyakit penyerta lainnya sehingga kemungkinan polifarmasi dalam penggunaan obat bisa terjadi. Polifarmasi yang tinggi erat kaitannya dengan drug related problems (DRPs) yang akan mempengaruhi morbiditas dan mortalitas. Untuk itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian DRPs pada terapi pasien rawat inap CHF di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non eksperimental secara deskriptif. Pengambilan data pasien CHF di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping dilakukan secara retrospektif mulai dari September 2015-April 2016 melalui data rekam medis pasien. Sampel terdiri dari 35 pasien dengan diagnosis utama CHF yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis DRP dilakukan berdasarkan jenis DRP ditemukan dan menggunakan acuan utama yaitu Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) 2006, ACCF/AHA Guideline for The Management of Chronic of Cardiology Foundation/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice tahun 2013 dan Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 9th Edition. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada 35 pasien ditemukan sebanyak 44 kejadian yang terdiri dari drug choice problem sebanyak 5 kejadian (11,36%), drug use problem sebanyak 4 kejadian (9,1%) serta drug interaction sebanyak 35 kejadian (79,54%) sedangkan adverse drug reaction (ADR) dan dosing problem tidak ada kejadian