Garment industry has developed different kind of machinery which replaces traditional manual blindstitchig techniques to ensure much higher work productivity. Many companies produce universal and specialized blindstitch machines for men suit manufacturing. To create invisible stitches of class 100 and 300, blind stitch machine uses a curved needle. The machines perform 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3.stitch pattern. The advanced machines secure the end of the seam creating invisible thread knot or forming several spot/tack stitches. The machines use to have automatic thread cutter, presser foot lifter and needle positioner. The machines for different quality materials are available. For specific applications machines are equipped with different auxiliary devices. Blind hemming of trousers and lined and unlined jackets are performed with stitches 103, 105, 313.
Abstrakt: Laserska obrada uspešno zamenjuje mnoge tradicionalne načine obrade tekstila. Koriste se potpuno i delimično rezanje, graviranje i obeležavanje laserom. U poslednje vreme je popularna dekoracija tekstilnih materijala sa potpuno izrezanim oblicima. Pri delimičnom rezanju laserom se odvaja samo gornji sloj materijala. Ovom metodom se izrađuju različiti ukrasni vezovi, aplikacije i etikete. Graviranjem laser stvara udubljenje u materijalu. Graviranje se koristi u proizvodnji tepiha i prostirača a takođe i u izradi odevnih predmeta od pliša. Tokom laserskog obeležavanja laserski zrak samo blago menja osobine i izgled materijala, najčešće dolazi samo do promene boje materijala. Ova metoda se koristi u proizvodnji proizvoda od denima. Tekstilni materijali različitog porekla različito reaguju na laserki tretman. Pri rezanju laserom materijali prirodnog porekla isparavaju, nastaju glatke ivice ureza. Pri rezanju materijala sintetičkog porekla laser istopi materijal, vlakna i niti materijala se slepe što materijal štiti od paranja. Laserki tretman je efektivan za rezanje veštačkog krzna, čičak trake, vrlo laganih tekstilnih materijala i tekstila sa komplikovanim dezenima.Ključne reči: završna obrada tekstila, potpuno rezanje laserom, delimično rezanje laserom, graviranje laserom, obeležavanje laserom, denim završna obrada. TEXTILE FINISHING BY LASERApstract: Laser fi nishing is replacing many traditional textile decoration methods. Processing textile materials with laser through-cutting, kiss-cutting, engraving and marking are most often used decoration methods. During the last period of time fashionable are textiles with fully cut out diff erent shapes. Laser kiss cutting is used to cut the top layer of a textile material. Diff erent kind of multiple-layer embroideries, appliqués and labels are created using this method. During laser engraving, the material surface in certain places is melted and evaporated by the laser beam. Engraving is used in carpet and rug manufacturing, producing garments from textiles with low cut pile. During laser marking the laser beam only slightly alters material properties or appearance. The colour change of the treated material is widely used in denim fi nishing. Textiles of diff erent origin diff erently react on laser treatment. Natural materials vaporize resulting in smooth edges. Cutting synthetic materials, laser beam melts material edges and with it protects them from frying. Processing by laser is more eff ective in cutting artifi cial fur, velcro, very light textiles and materials with intricate patterns.
Abstrakt: Planiranje polaganja krojnih naslaga i izrada krojnih slika su postupci kojima se priprema i organizuje rad u krojačnici. U tradicionalnoj organizacije rada planiranje potreba za materijalom, inventar materijala i planiranje krojnih naslaga su posebni radni koraci koji se izvode u različitim odeljenjima preduzeća. Velik obim manualnih kalkulacija bez korišćenja objedinjene baze podataka komplikuje radni proces i smanjuje njihovu efektivnost. Već drugu deceniju nekoliko kompanija nudi specijalizovane softwere koji povezuju automatizovani menadžment sistem za planiranje resursa (ERP -Enterprise Recourse Planning), automatizovani sistem inventara materijala, CAD i CAM sisteme u krojačnici, razmenjuje informacije između njih i izrađuje najbolji plan polaganja i krojenja materijala za svaku narudžbinu. Najvažniji koraci rada su: izrada različitih varijanata polaganja materijala za istu narudžbinu, određivanje vremena za izradu krojnih slika, kalkulisanje osnovnih padataka krojnih slika, izrada plana polaganja materijala i izrada radnih naloga za proces polaganja i krojenje materijala.Kljične reči: krojačnica, krojna slika, krojna naslaga, plan polaganja krojnih naslaga, inventar materijala, automatizovani menadžmet sistem.Abstract: Lay planning and marker making are processes which prepare and organize work process in a cutting room. Traditionally, material requirement planning, material inventory and lay planning are separate work steps fulfi lled in diff erent departments by diff erent specialists. A lot of paperwork, manual performance of calculations and inexistence of united and easy accessible data base complicates work process and reduces its quality. Already the second decade several companies off er specialized software which links together ERP (Enterprise Recourse Planning), fabric management system, CAD and CAM, exchanges information in between these systems and creates the best solutions to cut material for manufacturing orders. The most important work steps are: running of diff erent planning scenarios, establishing the marker processing time, performing marker calculations, spreading planning and processing of manufacturing reports.
Obrada laserom je jedna od metoda obrade koja denim proizvodu daje najbolji kvalitet u primenu zajedno sa drugim tradicionalinim metodama obrade. Promenom osnovnih parametara procesa, postiže se degradacija materijala različitog stepena i oblika, to jest, veštačkim putem pravi se izgled habanog i dugo vreme nošenog odevnog predmeta. U poslednje vreme tradicionalne metode obrade se koriste za dobijanje osnovnih efekata i dobijanje mekog opipa materijala a laserskom obradom se postižu veće degradacije manjih dimenzija. U zavisnosti od produktivnosti koja u velikoj meri zavisi od snage lasera i veličine i principa pomeranja radne površine, oprema za lasersku obradu može se podeliti na nekoliko grupa: laser mašine za prodavnice maloprodaje, mašine za proizvodnje malih i srednjih obima, mašine za proizvodnje srednjih i velikih obima, mašine za proizvodnje velikih obima.
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