Lactobionic acid is a high value added compound industrially produced through energy intensive chemical synthesis, which uses costly metal catalysts, like gold and platinum. In the next years, biotechnological production of lactobionic acid can be supposed to take the full transition to the manufacturing stage. Productivity of lactobionic acid by microbial production can be affected by various factors-choice of microorganism and its concentration, supply of oxygen, temperature, substrate, cultivation method, pH and aeration rate. The aim was to review research findings for lactobionic acid production as well innovative and efficient technology solutions for self-costs reducing. Whey was recommended as a cheap and suitable substrate for the lactobionic acid production. Whey processing has been advised with Pseudonomas teatrolens in 28 °C and in pH 6 to 7 for yielding the highest productivity. The increasing commercial importance urges the progression of schemes for lactobionic acid biotechnological manufacturing.
Acid whey causes a major disposal problem for the dairy industry due to its low pH and high salt concentration. Lactobionic acid (LBA) production by whey fermentation is an inexpensive process. The goal of this work was to employ acid whey for LBA production. Acid whey was fermented in a bioreactor, adding Pseudomonas taetrolens LMG 2336 at 30°C and 6.5 pH, with 1.5-Lpm oxygen aeration and 350-rpm agitation. Three fermentation tests were carried out with a different amount of inoculum (10%, 30% and 10% three times within 24 h). Results indicated that repeatedly adding P. taetrolens inoculum to the acid whey substrate allows a complete lactose conversion into LBA, while the lactose oxidation process was insufficient in the sample where the inoculum was only added at the beginning of the fermentation process (only 29.7% LBA production with 10% inoculum). The physiological heterogeneity of P. taetrolens was determined by multiparametric flow cytometry, and results showed that there was a phenotypic adaptation of the microorganism due to the changes observed in its heterogeneity and physiological state. The results achieved will help to recycle acid whey for value-added product production such as LBA production.
Nowadays lactobionic acid production via microbial synthesis gain a high awareness. Lactobionic acid production by microbial pathway can be affected by various factors among them total solids in concentrated whey. The aim was to study the effect of acid whey permeate concentration on lactobionic acid production. The acid whey permeate was used as the study object. The total solids in acid whey was concentrated by the pilot scale FT22 Rising Film Evaporator (Armfield, UK). Pseudomonas taetrolens NCIB 9396 (NCTC, England) and Pseudomonas taetrolens DSM 21104 (DSMZ, Germany) were used for the study. The content of lactobionic acid (LBA) in the concentrated whey and control samples was determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography (Shimadzu LC 20 Prominence, Japan). The content of lactose in the acid whey and concentrated whey samples was determined using MilcoScan TM Mars (Foss, Denmark) and the high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the highest yield of LBA was achieved at 20% of total solids content in the substrate. An increase of the total solids in the substrate more than 20% slows down the process due to the influence of minor whey compounds (as minerals and their salts) and higher lactose concentration reduces Pseudomonas taetrolens lactose dehydrogenase activity. The study results will help to improve an effective production of lactobionic acid by microbial pathway using acid whey.
The dairy industry is facing a problem associated with 1.6 billion tons of acid whey per year as a waste stream. The extended amount of acid whey has encouraged studies for novel approaches of acid whey utilization. The production of lactobionic acid (LBA) using dairy waste has been in rapid demand as an economically feasible and environmentally friendly approach. The composition of acid whey makes lactose conversion into LBA by Pseudomonas taetrolens complicated. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to evaluate factors (quality of whey (salts, protein concentration, pH), volume of inoculum, and cultivation time) with the purpose of increasing the suitability of acid whey for biotechnological LBA production. LBA production was performed in a 4L bioreactor, which was equipped with a pH electrode and a dissolved oxygen electrode. The whole experiment was performed at a temperature of 30 °C under 350 rpm agitation. The continuous aeration was set at 0.5 L/min. The current study presents the study of acid and sweet whey combinations in different ratios (100:0; 50:50; 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, respectively) inoculated with 10% or 30% v/v of fresh P. taetrolens inoculum reaching up to 59.9 ± 1% LBA yield during cultivation. Increasing protein and pH in a substrate slows down the lactose converting ability of P. taetrolens. Results demonstrated that increasing the acid whey amount in a substrate can affect the LBA yield, and a combination of sweet and acid whey could be a good solution for biotechnological LBA production using dairy waste. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-SP2022-01-04 Full Text: PDF
The successful development of a lactobionic acid (LBA) bioconversion process on an industrial scale demands the selection of appropriate downstream methodological approaches to achieve product purification once the bioconversion of LBA is completed. These approaches depend on the nature of the substrate available for LBA production, and their necessary implementation could constitute a drawback when compared to the lesser effort required in downstream approaches in the production of LBA obtained by chemical synthesis from refined lactose. Thus, the aim of this research is to separate LBA from an acid whey substrate after bioconversion with Pseudomonas taetrolens. Freeze drying, crystallization, adsorption with activated carbon, microfiltration, centrifugation, and precipitation with 96% (v/v) ethanol were carried out to separate and purify LBA. The closest product to commercial LBA was obtained using precipitation with ethanol, obtaining a white powder with 95 ± 2% LBA concentration. The procedure described in this paper could help to produce LBA on an industrial scale via microbial bioconversion from acid whey, developing a promising biotechnological approach for lactose conversion.
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