This research focused on developing new materials for endodontic treatments to restore tissues affected by infectious or inflammatory processes. Three materials were studied, namely tricalcium phosphate β-hydroxyapatite (β-TCP), commercial and natural hydroxyapatite (HA), and chitosan (CS), in different proportions. The chemical characterization using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the composition of the composite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that the design and origin of the HA, whether natural or commercial, did not affect the morphology of the composites. In vitro studies using Artemia salina (A. salina) indicated that all three experimental materials were biocompatible after 24 h, with no significant differences in mortality rate observed among the groups. The subdermal implantation of the materials in block form exhibited biocompatibility and biodegradability after 30 and 60 days, with the larger particles undergoing fragmentation and connective tissue formation consisting of collagen type III fibers, blood vessels, and inflammatory cells. The implanted material continued to undergo resorption during this process. The results obtained in this research contribute to developing endodontic technologies for tissue recovery and regeneration.
Antecedentes: La Diafanización dental es una técnica que permite transparentar los dientes haciendo visible la anatomía interna de los conductos radiculares ofreciendo una herramienta pedagógica económica y confiable; sin embargo, la literatura no reporta protocolos estandarizados para obtener una diafanización dental predecible. Objetivo: Obtener un protocolo estandarizado para diafanización dental, como modelo educativo, a partir de la revisión de la literatura y la realización de un estudio piloto. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos Scopus y Medline con los términos Mesh "root canal", "diaphonization", "clearing", "morphology" anatomy", y se estructuró una tabla de extracción con las variables más representativas para establecer las 3 fases de la Diafanización, a. Descalcificación, se evaluó Ácido Nítrico 5% (HNO3), Ácido Fórmico 10% (CH2O2) y EDTA 10%, b. Deshidratación, se empleó Alcoholes etílicos ascendentes, c. Clarificación, se evaluó Metil Salicilato y Aceite de Inmersión Sintético. Se seleccionaron 54 dientes, 36 sin endodoncia, y 18 con endodoncia, y se distribuyeron en dos grupos: Grupo A. Dientes sin endodoncia, Grupo B. Dientes con endodoncia, constituidos por 18 subgrupos que estaban definidos de acuerdo al tipo de descalcificante, momento de aplicación medio de contraste y medio de Clarificación. Resultados: El Ácido Nítrico al 5% pese a que fue el más corrosivo, permitió el mayor flujo y accesibilidad para el medio de contraste (Tinta China) en especímenes sin endodoncia. De igual manera, el Ácido Fórmico al 10%, preservó la estructura de los dientes tratados endodónticamente. El Metil Salicilato como clarificante, brindó mejores resultados visuales alcanzando una mayor transparencia. Conclusiones: El desarrollo de un estudio piloto para estandarizar técnicas de diafanización en odontología, permite la estructuración de un protocolo educativo que posibilita conocer la gran variabilidad anatómica de los dientes y la comprensión y análisis de los dientes que han sido tratados endodóncicamente, aportando una herramienta pedagógica para la comprensión de la anatomía radicular. El uso de Ácido Fórmico al 10%, en dientes con tratamiento de endodoncia y de Ácido Nítrico 5% en dientes sin endodoncia, con una transparencia alcanzada por el uso del Metil Salicilato, muestran los mejores resultados visuales en anatomía y obturación endodóntica.
This case series included a tomographic, microbiological, and histopathological description of 15 secondary apical periodontitis (SAP) lesions obtained by apical microsurgery performed in 10 patients to better understand the etiology and pathogenesis of SAP. Preoperative tomographic analyses were performed through Cone beam computerized tomography - Periapical index (CBCT-PAI), and apical microsurgeries were then carried out. The removed apices were used for microbial culturing and for molecular identification using PCR for the detection of 5 strict anaerobic bacteria (P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, T. forsythia, and T.denticola) and 3 viruses Herpes simplex viruses (HSV), Cytomegalovirus (CMG) and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) by nested PCR. The removed apical lesions were histologically described. Univariate statistical analyses were performed by using STATA MP/16 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, United States). CBCT-PAI analyses revealed PAI 4 and PAI 5 score lesions that involved cortical plate destruction. Eight SAPs were positive by culture, while nine SAP lesions were positive by PCR. Fusobacterium species were the most frequently cultured organisms in 7 SAP lesions, followed by D. pneumosintes in 3. In contrast, by single PCR, T. forsythia and P. nigrescens were detected in 5 lesions, T. denticola in 4 lesions, and P. gingivalis in 2 lesions. Twelve periapical lesions were granulomas, and the remaining three SAP lesions were radicular cysts. In conclusion, this case series study revealed that secondary apical lesions presented tomographic involvement of PAI 3 to 5, and that most SAP lesions were apical granulomas containing anaerobic and facultative microorganisms.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.