The paper presents changes of 90Sr activity in pinewood (Pinus sylvestris L.), which in studied conditions varies from (0,03±0,01) Bq/kg to (2,32±0,34) Bq/kg. Activity was defined experimentally and by modelling, using the model FORM. The measured results and those established by the model differ averagly by 13%. For definition of the accumulated 90Sr activity in wood of a simple pine, the method of summarization of activity integrals was used after establishment of function of dependence between 90Sr activities and pine biomass augment. By this method it was estimated that in the wood of 50‐year pines in 2006 90Sr activity was 620 Bq. 90Sr transfer coefficient from ground to pinewood was studied in the work. During the pine growth this coefficient varied from (2,0 ± 1,0) · 10−4 m2/kg to (9,7 ± 1,0) · 10−4 m2/kg. Santrauka Pateikiami 90Sr medienoje tyrimo rezultatai, pagal kuriuos jis kinta nuo (0,03±0,01) Bq/kg iki (2,32±0,34) Bq/kg. Autoriai siūlo 90Sr sukauptam pušies medienoje kiekiui modeliuoti naudoti FORM modelį. Vidutinis skirtumas tarp tyrimo ir modelio rezultatų yra 13 %. Norint įvertinti visą sukauptą 90Sr medyje kiekį, taikomas savitojo aktyvumo integralų sumavimo metodas, prieš tai nustačius 90Sr savitojo aktyvumo ir medžio biomasės prieaugio ryšio funkciją. Pagal pasiūlytą modelį įvertinta, kad per 1950–2000 m. pušis sukaupė 620 Bq. Darbe yra įvertintas 90Sr pernašos iš dirvožemio į paprastosios pušies medieną koeficientas. 1950–2000 m. laikotarpiu jis kito nuo (2,0±1,0) ⋅ 10-4 m2 /kg iki (9,7±1,0) ⋅ 10–4 m2 /kg. Резюме Приводятся данные об изменении концентрации активности 90Sr в древесине простой сосны (Pinus sylvestris L.), в изучаемых условиях меняющейся от (0,03±0,01) Бк/кг до (2,32±0,34) Бк/кг. Концентрация активности определялась как экспериментально, так и с использованием модели FORM. Различия между измеренными результатами и установленными при помощи модели в среднем составляют 13%. Для определения общей активности 90Sr в древесине простой сосны в работе предложен метод суммирования интегралов активности после установления функции зависимости концентрации активности от годового прироста массы древесины. Этим методом установлено, что активность 90Sr в древесине 50-летней сосны в 2006 г. составляла 620 Бк. Изучен коэффициент переноса 90Sr из почвы в древесину простой сосны. Во время роста сосны он менялся от (2,0±1,0) - 10–4 м2 /кг до (9,7±1,0) - 10–4 м2 /кг.
Artificial radionuclides entered the environment mostly as a result of nuclear explosions, accidents at nuclear power plants and are entering due to the operation of the nuclear industry. After entering the environment, radionuclides spread globally at the world level, affect all environmental components and accumulate here. One of such environmental components is the tree. It, as if a historical chronicle, fixes the previous contamination and the former climatic conditions. One of the ways to read that chronicle is to estimate the radionuclide soil‐to‐tree transfer factors and coefficients. This work presents and analyses the experimental data of a study on the transfer of radionuclides from the soil to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The report investigates the transfer of 90Sr and 137Cs from a soil layer of 0–20 cm to Scots pine wood. For investigation, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was selected. Its growing site is in Alytus district, in a woody territory, where it falls into an increased radioactive contamination patch. On this growing site, sandy soils are prevailing. It is identified that 90Sr transfer factor to the pinewood under study ranges from 0.005 ± 0.002 to 0.315 ± 0.002, and transfer coefficients from (0.2 ± 0.1) •10–4 to (4.0 ± 0.6) •10–4m2/kg. Meanwhile, the coefficients of 137Cs transfer from the soil to Scots pine wood ranges from – (4.0 ± 1.0) • 10–4 m2/kg to (8.0 ± 2.0) • 10–4 m2/kg. The identified mean transfer coefficients of 137Cs are approximately five times higher than mean coefficients of 90Sr transfer from soil to wood. Santrauka Dirbtines kilmes radionuklidai daugiausiai i aplinka pasklido del vykdytu branduoliniu sprogdinimu, avariju atominese elektrinese ir tebepatenka veikiant branduolinei pramonei. Pateke i aplinka, radionuklidai globaliai pasklinda ir veikia visus aplinkos komponentus bei juose kaupiasi. Vienas iš tokiu aplinkos komponentu yra medis. Jis tarsi istorijos metraštis fiksuoja buvusia užtarša ir buvusias klimatines salygas. Vienas iš būdu perskaityti ši metrašti – radionuklidu pernašos iš dirvožemio i medi faktoriu ar koeficientu vertinimas. Darbe pateikiami ir analizuojami eksperimentiniai radionuklidu pernašos iš dirvožemio i paprastaja puši (Pinus sylvestris L.) duomenys. Nagrinejama 90Sr ir 137Cs pernaša iš 0–20 cm dirvožemio sluoksnio i paprastosios pušies mediena. Tirti parinkta paprastoji pušis (Pinus sylvestris L.). Jos augaviete yra Alytaus apskrityje miškingoje teritorijoje, kuri patenka i didesnes radioaktyviosios užtaršos zona. Šioje augavieteje vyrauja priesmelio tipo dirvožemiai. Nustatyta, kad 90Sr pernašos i tiriamaja pušies mediena faktorius kinta nuo 0,005±0,002 iki 0,315±0,002, o pernašos koeficientai – nuo (0,2 ± 0,1)•10–4 iki (4,0±0,6)•10–4 m2/kg. 137Cs pernašos iš dirvožemio i paprastosios pušies mediena koeficientai kinta nuo (4,0±1,0)•10–4 m2/kg iki (8,0±2,0)•10–4 m2/kg. Nustatyti 137Cs pernašos vidutiniai koeficientai yra apytiksliai 5 kartus didesni nei vidutiniai 90Sr pernašos iš dirvožemio i mediena koeficientai. Резюме Искусственные радионуклиды в окружающей среде появились вследствие ядерных взрывов, аварий на атомных электростанциях и выпадений при работе ядерной промышленности. Радионуклиды распространяются в атмосфере и накапливаются в компонентах окружающей среды. Одним из компонентов окружающей среды являются деревья. Они как бы записывают историю случившегося загрязнения окружающей среды и климатические условия прошлого. Один из способов прочтения такого ежегодника – изучение факторов или коэффициентов переноса радионуклидов из почвы в деревья. В статье анализируются экспериментальные данные о поступлении радионуклидов в сосну (Pinus sylvestris L.) из почвы. Изучается перенос 90Sr и 137Cs из слоя почвы толщиной 0–20 см в компоненты сосны. Местом роста анализируемой сосны (Pinus sylvestris L.) послужила лесная местность в Алитусском районе, в которой после Чернобыльской катастрофы зафиксировано повышенное радиоактивное загрязнение. На этом участке доминирует супесь. Было установлено, что фактор передачи 90Sr из почвы в сосну варьирует от 0,005±0,002 до 0,315±0,002, а коэффициенты – от (0,2 ± 0,1) · 10–4 до (4,0±0,6) · 10 –4 m 2 /кg. Коэффициент переноса 137Cs из почвы в древесину сосны варьирует от (4,0±1,0) · 10–4 m 2 /kg до (8.0±2.0) · 10–4 m 2 /кg. Установлено, что средний коэффициент переноса 137Cs из почвы в древесину сосны (Pinus sylvestris L.) примерно в 5 раз больше, чем коэффициент переноса 90Sr.
A near surface repository for low and intermediate-level short-lived radioactive waste will be built on the Stabatiškės site in the vicinity of Ignalina NPP during decommissioning works. The reservoir can also be used for the waste stored in the temporary repositories of the Ignalina NPP. Engineering and nature protective barriers are used in the repository for radioactive waste, however, radionuclides can spread into the environment, extend in the biosphere and cause (define) the external power light exposure of the environment due to the natural and premature (prescheduled) degradation of the engineering barriers of the repository. The properties of the soil (acidity, quantity of organic substances, humidity) are being investigated for estimating the possible migration and dispersion of radionuclides. The activity of radionuclides in the soil is also estimated before building the repository. Natural and artificial radionuclides make the pollution of the soil, and therefore the accumulation and vertical migration of artificial (137Cs, 60Co) and natural (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) radionuclides are being researched in the soil on the Stabatiškės site.
Abstract. In this study we investigated artificial ( 137 Cs, 90 Sr) and natural ( 40 K) radioisotopes' vertical distribution in different usage soils. Soil samples were collected in Lithuanian territory, which was, after the nuclear weapons and the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) accident, contaminated with artificial radionuclides. For the study, three places were selected, taking into account human activities and radioactive environmental contamination (Neris Regional Park, a field near the Ignalina nuclear power plant and a field in a village in Ukmergė district). In addition, we analysed the soil organic matter, which determines the amount of nutrients, water infiltration, ion exchange, adsorption of pollutants. Studies show that in those places the predominant soil type is sandy loam, with soil mineralization rate close to 1. In the village place and the regional park place (respectively Jogvilai and Paaliosė areas), 137 Cs specific activity decreases exponentially. However in the village place (Paaliosė), at 10-15 cm soil depth, there is a noticeable increase in the specific activity of 137 Cs, associated with the former nuclear weapons test contamination. 40 K changes the specific activity of the soil samples taken from the depth in all areas. In the village place (Paaliosė), and the field near the Ignalina nuclear power plant (Stabatiškės), 40 K specific activity decrease with the increase of depth was observed, and in the field in the village in Ukmergė district (Jogvilai) it was vice versawith the increase of depth, 40 K specific activity increases. The average 90 Sr radionuclides in the soil are 6,4±1,1 Bq/kg (in the village place (Paaliosė)) 6,4±2,0 Bq/kg (field near Ignalina nuclear power plant) and 11,3±1,7 Bq / kg (the field in the village in Ukmergė district).
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