By the integration of electro-conductive properties in the fabric structure a flexible textile can be obtained that does not reduce the quality of comfort, maintenance and wearability of clothing. Each type of yarn has its advantages and disadvantages, for example, metal coated polymer multifilament yarn has a lower resistance to heat than metal multifilament yarn, but it is more flexible. During this research conductive knitted patterns were made and tested. For the experiments more suitable yarns for knitting were selected, which had a lower resistance and were visually less changing of the knitted pattern in appearance: silver coated multifilament polyamide, products of two different companies; stainless steel multifilament yarn and polyester/stainless steel spun yarn. The single-faced patterns of non-conductive yarn and straight and figural conductive traces of conductive yarns were knitted. A test was made with the purpose of finding out the electrical resistance of knitted textile affected by force. Knit warm-up potency was researched during temperature measurement tests. Knitting test pieces were also evaluated by aspect of technical structure and visual appearance. Generally, it was concluded that steel yarns could not be used for knitting while silver coated polyamide yarns are suitable for the manufacture of knitted heating elements. As a result of this research, knitwear with a textile heating element was made.
Abstract. Generally, human thermal comfort depends on combinations of clothing structure and chemical nature of fibers, external conditions and factors related to wearer. Thermal comfort of a clothing system is associated with thermal balance of body and its thermoregulatory responses to the dynamic interactions with the clothing and the environment, and can be quantified in terms of Met and Clo units. One of the important functions of clothing is to provide adequate thermal comfort for wellness and high performance. To do this research, clothing with an integrated human microclimate regulating electrical system has been developed. The clothing contains: Peltier elements, which provide cooling effect; electronic control system with heat sensor -thermistor, which controls the optimal operating parameters, and energy source. The aim of experiments is to verify, how the cooling system, integrated in the clothes, influences indicators of the human microclimate. For this reason, the experiments of wearing by the appropriate operating conditions are carried out by measuring temperature changes in different locations in space between the body and clothes during activities. The analysis of experimental results reveals the system's operational efficiency as well as the negative impact of non-evaporative materials on the possibility of vapour removal through the garment surface.
The intelligent systems of smart textile should contain flexible electronics, for example, sewn or stitched textile elements that function as conductive traces, sensor elements, electrodes or switches. The experiments for development of sewn touch and push switches are performed. For this reason silver coated multifilament polyamide and multifilament stainless steel yarns were used and their properties and suitability tested. Tests include the changes of electrical resistance of yarns during tension, measurements of yarn voltage loss at 50 mA current; experiments to assess the yarn suitability for sewing; reliability tests of switches during use.
The research is dedicated to microclimate regulatory clothes with an integrated electrical system, which also composes Peltier elements, and cooling function is based on the heat conductivity in solids. For development of the system and the clothes experiments are conducted to optimize the product microclimate regulatory function.
Kopsavilkums. Rakstā apkopota informācija par adītām elektrovadošām tekstilijām, to izgatavošanā pielietojamiem materiāliem un adīšanas metodēm. Apskatīti elektrovadoši adījumi kā elektriskās ķēdes elementi. Apkopota informācija par adītu elektrovadošo tekstiliju pielietojuma veidiem. Darba ietvaros veikta elektrovadošo adījumu paraugu izgatavošana un testēšana, adījumu vērtēšana no vizuālā un tehniskā izpildījuma aspekta. Rezultā tā izgatavots plecģērbs ar integrētu rezistīvo sildelementu.Atslēgasvārdi: Elektrovadoši pavedieni, elektriskā pretestība, rezistīvs sildelements, sensors, adīts sildelements. I. IEVADSTekstilizstrādājumi, kas spēj uztvert apkārtējās vides faktorus un mijiedarboties ar tiem, lai veiktu iepriekš ieprogrammētas funkcijas, tiek saukti par viedtekstilijām. To struktūru veido trīs funkcionālās komponentes: uztveršanas un mērīšanas spēja, aktivizēšanas spēja un intelektiskā (programmēšanas) spēja. Augstāk minētās komponentes tekstilmateriālos iestrādā, lai veidotu elektriski aktīvās zonas jeb elektrovadošos apgabalus drānas struktūrā [7].Pēdējos gados arvien izplatītāka kļūst dažādu elektronikas sistēmu un to elementuintegrēšana tradicionālajās tekstilijās, piešķirot tām papildu funkcijas. Papildu elementu integrēšanupanāk, vadus un pavedienus iešujot, ieaužot un uzdrukājot polimērmateriālus uz drānām[2], kā arī vadus un pavedienus ieadot adījumos. Kā viena no papildu funkcijām ir iespējama sildīšana ar drānā integrētiem elektrovadošajiem vadiem un pavedieniem.Daudzos šobrīd komerciāli pieejamos sildošos apģērbos lielākoties izmanto neelastīgus sildelementus un/vai vadus, kas ierobežo izstrādājuma lietošanas ērtumu un kopšanu. Pēdējā laikā arvien vairāk pēta, izstrādā, pārbauda un ražo adītus jeb trikotāžas izstrādājumus ar dažādām papildu funkcijām. Arvien lielāku uzmanībupievērš integrējamo elementu izgatavošanai no tekstilmateriāliem, tradicionālos slēdžus aizvietojot ar tekstilslēdžiem, vadus -ar elektrovadošiem pavedieniem.Adītas drānas ir elastīgas un paredzētas aukstajam gadalaikam, tādēļ tajās,papildus siltuma radīšanai, ieteicams integrēt sildelementus, piemēram, cimdos, zeķēs, adīta plecģērba mugurdaļā u.tml. Īpaši aktuāla papildus sildīšana, izmantojot rezistīvu tekstilsildītāju, var būt cilvēkiem ar pastāvīgi salstošām rokām, kā arī tiem, kuriem jāuzturās slikti apkurināmās vai vēsās darba telpās. Lielākoties cilvēkiem ikdienā nav iespējas valkāt cimdus, jo tie traucē darbam, veicot dažādus roku darbus vai darbojoties ar datoru. II. VĒSAS VIDES IETEKME UZ CILVĒKA KOMFORTUIr veikti daudzi pētījumi par karstuma ietekmi uz cilvēka darba spējām, mazāk ir informācijas par vēsas vides ietekmi uz to. Dažos pētījumos minēta aukstuma un karstuma ietekme. To rezultāti norāda uz tendenci darbaspēju samazinājumam ārpus komforta temperatūras intervāla robežām. Apkopojot vairāku pētījumu rezultātus, ir pieņemts, ka komfortabla temperatūra, kas neietekmē darbaspējas ir 21-25 ⁰C [8].16 grādu (C) temperatūruuzskata par pārāk aukstu vidi sēdoša darba veicējiem, piemēram, biroja darbiniekiem. Aukst...
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