The article examines the problems of applied social and communication aspects of the media literacy development in future teachers. The research involved such methods as sociological analysis, the reproductive method, the pedagogical experiment, testing, survey, as well as the method of dialectical research. The results of testing and surveying students showed the need to improve the applied social and communication aspects of the media literacy development in future specialists. The main ways to improve the media literacy development in future teachers were identified based on the results of testing and surveying students, namely: create special learning environments, involve students in project activities, organize student interactions with all participants in the learning process, etc. In the future, compliance with such recommendations will expand the dialogue needed between teachers and students, and increase awareness of future professionals features and skills of media literacy. As a result, it will allow future professionals to become aware of their responsibilities and obligations to society. In the future, compliance with such recommendations will expand the necessary dialogue between teachers and students, and increase future specialists’ awareness of the features and skills of media literacy. As a result, it will allow future specialists to become aware of their responsibilities and obligations to society.

This scientific research deals with the actual problem, that is the study of the language of criminal chronicles in the Western Ukrainian media discourse in the 1920-1930s. Object of analysis is news reports on gender violence in popular Western Ukrainian newspapers of the interwar twenty years. The chosen methodology is feminist discourse-analysis which allows us to identify the media representations of gender identity and to find out what ideological discourse has had symbolic hegemony, which gender regime was supported by language. It turns out that the language of criminal news fixes symbolic mechanisms for establishing power regimes. The texts of criminal news show gender stereotypes and prejudices against women, which traditionally functioned and articulated in public discourse. Gender violence was explained (and justified) by personal, religious and social reasons. The problem of domestic violence attracted journalists from the 1920s and 1930s. Victim women who dared to challenge patriarchal customs were appraised extremely subjectively, biasedly, often – in a negative way. Publications about sexual crimes (rape, sexual harassment) were rare, since this topic was banned in the Western Ukrainian public discourse of the 1920s-1930s. In Western Ukrainian popular magazines, the language of criminal news construed a gendered society, deleting power for men and exposing a woman to objectification. Journalists used certain linguistic strategies to support the dominant gender regime: author's intentionality, peculiar journalistic formulation and focus of information, the specifics of structuring material and hidden meanings of the text.

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The rights and obligations of the state represented by the corresponding body or official are not specifically highlighted in the Directive. The certainty of some duties of the "representative" of the state can be concluded only by analysing the scope of refugee rights, because the procedural rights of a refugee are positive and for their implementation the state is obliged to take certain measures, otherwise these rights cannot be exercised. Consequently, the obligations of the state, represented by authorised persons, correspond to the rights of a refugee: if a refugee, for example, has the right to remain in the territory of the asylum state, the state must ensure that such refugee enjoys this right, including the

The article presents an original approach to the analysis of epistolary communication of the Ukrainian intelligentsia of the late XIX - early XX centuries from the standpoint of semiotic definitions. It means letters appear as a specific semiotic formation. Epistols were considered as signs, carriers of information, communication was outlined as the variety of ideas, motives, themes characterized by the inner story. Decoding the leading communicative codes of epistolary communication was made. The researched letters show moral, philosophical, socio-cultural, civil and personal features. The purpose of the scientific research is to determine the specifics of epistolary communication from the standpoint of the semiotic approach. The tasks of scientific intelligence are: to outline the state of scientific problem’s development; to investigate the epistols of the intelligentsia from the standpoint of semiotics; to determine the main codes in the communication of character figures; to consider epistols as a polyphonic sign system; to synthesize the results of the research in conclusions. A set of general scientific and special research methods was applied to achieve the purpose and tasks. Source research and analysis of professional researches were used to determine the current state of the identified problems’ development. The principles of historicism, scientific objectivity and systematisms allowed us to analyse the peculiarities of epistolary communication of the late XIX - early XX centuries. The semiotic method was used to decode epistol, analysis, synthesis, generalization in decoding letters and in conclusions. Therefore, the main tasks of the epistolary communication of the intelligentsia of the late XIX - early XX centuries were the intellectual own perception of the European modernity values, the creativity and socio-cultural experience of the talented representatives of the intellectual elite. The semiotic significance of words and sentences demonstrates the process of popularizing the concept of iconic universalism.