The aim: To compare the content of α and γ–interferons, interleukins 1β ,4, 10, IgA, IgG, as well as the level of the general forms of immune complexes in tissue extracts from tonsils of children with hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis. Materials and methods: We studied tonsils of 25 children aged 5-12 years with hypertrophy of palatine tonsils (HPT) and with chronic tonsillitis (CT). The content of α and γ – interferons, interleukins 1β, 4, 10, IgA, IgG in tonsil extract was determined by immunofluorescence assay. Immune complexes were determined using sedimentary test (3.75% solution of polyethylene glycol). Results: In tissue extracts from tonsils with CT, there is a predominance of inflammation factors, potential sensitization, and the development of immunopathological reactions. The presence of inflammation is indicated by elevated levels of interleukin-1β, immunoglobulin G. High levels of interleukin-4 may indicate that both HPT and CT have a tendency to increase sensitization to microbial and other antigens. Conclusion: The results indicate a significant difference in the qualitative and quantitative state of inflammation factors and allergy in case of HPT and CT. In tonsils with CT, there predominate both simple and allergic inflammations, as well as immunopathological reactions.

Introduction: In recently ears factors of innate immunity both cellular and humoral have been paid considerable attention as they are a protective barrier of a fast response and that is why they are largely concentrated at the intersection of the digestive tract and airways. The data concerning the activity level of factors of innate immunity in the upper airways affected by nonspecific inflammatory processes is insufficient and sparse and therefore the purpose of this research was to study the content of humoral factors of innate immunity in the oropharyngeal secretion (ORS) of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the upper airways in remission. Materials and Methods: There was an examination of 16 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) of bacterial genesis (15-40 years old), 12 patients with rhinopharyngitis of post-viral genesis (8-16 years old), 12 people with scleroma from 30 tо 52 years of age (atrophic form), 10 patients with chronic tonsillitis in remission (from 10 to 33 years of age) and 11 patients of a control group (practically healthy donors from 12 tо 40 years of age). The content of MIP-1b, defensin-1β, lactoferrin, lysozyme, α-interferon was studied in the nonstimulated OPS. Statistics were carried out using Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The greatest number of deviations in the decrease in the content of the examined nonspecific protective factors was found in cases of scleroma, chronic tonsillitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (p<0,05). The lack of protective humoral factors of innate immunity can be evidence of local immunodeficiency even in remission, which is a pathophysiological component of the maintenance of chronic inflammation. Conclusion: The decrease int he quantitative composition of factors of innate immunity in the oropharyngeal secretion of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the airways is an objective ground not only for a replacement therapy, but also for the use of immune response modifiers from photo-immune modulators to “genuine immune modulators” controlling the state of the factors of both innate immunity and immunoglobulins, primarily of secretory type, the level and functionality of various groups of immunocompetent and accessory cells.

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Досліджували вміст дефензину-β, α-і γ-інтерферонів, антитіл до вірусу грипу А та вірусу Епштейн-Барр (ЕБВ) у лізатах з клітин піднебінних мигдаликів (ЛМ), в екстрактах з цілих мигдаликів (ЕМ) та в ротоглотковому секреті 21 дитини з гіпертрофією піднебінних мигдаликів і хронічним тонзилітом. Вміст дефензину-β у ротоглотковому секреті був нижчим у пацієнтів з хронічним тонзилітом порівняно зі значеннями при гіпертрофії піднебінних мигдаликів та контролем. Вміст α-інтерферону в ротоглотковому секреті був вищим у пацієнтів як з гіпертрофією піднебінних мигдаликів, так і з хронічним тонзилітом, ніж у контрольній групі, а γ-інтерферону -нижчим у хворих на хронічний тонзиліт відносно значень у пацієнтів з гіпертрофією піднебінних мигдаликів та контролем. Концентрація інтерферонів в ЕМ у 2 рази перевищувала таку в ЛМ та в 3-4 рази -в ротоглотковому секреті. Вміст антитіл до вірусу грипу А не мав достовірної різниці в ЕМ як при гіпертрофії піднебінних мигдаликів, так і хронічному тонзиліті, а в ЛМ обох груп був на межі чутливості методу. Антитіла класу IgM до ЕБВ виявлялися тільки в ЕМ при гіпертрофії піднебінних мигдаликів і при хронічному тонзиліті, в ЛМ антитіл щодо класу вірусу не виявлено. Результати нашого дослідження свідчать про більш низький імунологічний потенціал тканини піднебінних мигдаликів у разі хронічного тонзиліту. Ключові слова: піднебінні мигдалики; гіпертрофія; хронічний тонзиліт; лізат, екстракт, ротоглотковий секрет, цитокіни, інтерферони.

Introduction: Among a large number of immunomodulation agents, a special role belongs to herbal medicines. They differ in relative harmlessness and high efficiency, both with system and local use. Clinical and immunological efficacy of Esberitox phytopreparation (Schaper&Brummer, Germany) in a number of diseases of viral and microbial origin has been shown. This report presents data on the effect of Esberitox on the factors of local immunity of the oral cavity in patients with chronic pharyngitis, tonsillitis and periodontitis with systemic use of Esberitox in monotherapy. Methods: The oropharyngeal secret of 10 patients with chronic tonsillitis (CT), 11 patients with chronic pharyngitis (CP), (all patients after tonsillectomy), 10 patients with chronic periodontitis was investigated. Patients were given monotherapy with «Esberitox» for 10 days (CP), according to the manufacturer's instructions for use of the drug. In addition, 9 practically healthy persons (K) of the same age (18-50 years) were examined. The ELISA method was used to determine the class A immunoglobulins (secretory and monomeric), IgG, α-interferon, interleukin-1β, levels of immune complexes. Statistics: Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: Studies have shown that in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity there is a decrease in the protective factors of local immunity – the level of secretory IgA, antiviral factor – α-interferon and an increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine – interleukin-1β, monomeric form of IgA and the number of immune complexes. The use of «Esberitox» as a monotherapy was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of class A secretory immunoglobulin, the «normalization» of the α-interferon content (increase in concentration) and interleukin-1β (decrease in content). Conclusion: The resulting positive effects from the use of esberitox allow us to recommend the drug as part of the complex therapy of chronic diseases of the oropharynx, and in the form of monotherapy.