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The aim: To compare the content of α and γ–interferons, interleukins 1β ,4, 10, IgA, IgG, as well as the level of the general forms of immune complexes in tissue extracts from tonsils of children with hypertrophy and chronic tonsillitis. Materials and methods: We studied tonsils of 25 children aged 5-12 years with hypertrophy of palatine tonsils (HPT) and with chronic tonsillitis (CT). The content of α and γ – interferons, interleukins 1β, 4, 10, IgA, IgG in tonsil extract was determined by immunofluorescence assay. Immune complexes were determined using sedimentary test (3.75% solution of polyethylene glycol). Results: In tissue extracts from tonsils with CT, there is a predominance of inflammation factors, potential sensitization, and the development of immunopathological reactions. The presence of inflammation is indicated by elevated levels of interleukin-1β, immunoglobulin G. High levels of interleukin-4 may indicate that both HPT and CT have a tendency to increase sensitization to microbial and other antigens. Conclusion: The results indicate a significant difference in the qualitative and quantitative state of inflammation factors and allergy in case of HPT and CT. In tonsils with CT, there predominate both simple and allergic inflammations, as well as immunopathological reactions.

Topicality: In recent years, ideas about the mechanisms of action of a local lysozyme containing antiseptic have been significantly expanded. Data on the availability of antiviral drugs and a positive effect on regeneration processes have been obtained. Objective: In order to further study the properties of the drug, its effect on the mechanisms of inflammation in a clinical setting and model of inflammation in an animal experiment was investigated. Material and methods: Clinical and immunological studies were conducted in 22 children aged 9-12 years, of which 10 people represented a group of healthy donors. 12 people with exacerbation of chronic catarrhal pharyngitis received the drug Lizak in the form of monotherapy according to the instructions. The oropharyngeal secretion was studied, where the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (Cytokine, RF), lactoferrin (Vector Best, RF), as well as the macrophage inflammatory protein MIP-1b (Hucaltbiotecknolgy, Netherlands) were determined by the ELISA method. As an analyzer, a Lab line reader (Austria) was used. The studies were carried out at two points: before the start of therapy and a day after its completion. Under the experimental conditions, a model of caraginan edema of rat paws was used, which, prior to the introduction of phlogogen, received per os drug lizak. The degree of edema was determined using a special installation with an installed micrometer for measuring the thickness of the feet in the time interval from 0 to 24 hours. In addition, the levels of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β and anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 were determined in the blood serum of animals at the same time intervals. Statistics were carried out using the ‘t’ –Student criterion. Results: Under monotherapy with the drug Lysak in children with acute pharyngitis, a decrease in the content of proinflammatory factors, interleukin-1β and Mip-1b, in the oropharyngeal secretion is shown. When studying the effect of the drug on the development of aseptic inflammation (stage of exudation) in the foot of rats, it was found that the drug Lizak had an inhibitory effect on the development of edema in the range of 1-4 hours, after which its effect was not detected (24 hours). In the control group and the “pure” control group, inflammatory edema was detected compared to the initial level (p=0.02) at 4 hours and was not detected after 24 hours. The drug Lysac has the ability to inhibit the development of aseptic local inflammation in the initial stages of its development. Confirmation of the systemic nature of the action of the drug is to reduce the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine-interleukin-1 in the blood serum of animals by 4 hours from the onset of the inflammatory process. Conclusions: The drug Lizak actively reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines both systemically and with local use and has a pronounced decongestant effect.

Introduction: It is considered proven that the state of the immune system determines the development and course of many pathological processes, which are based on inflammation. At the same time, taking into account current trends in assessing the immunological status, conditional variants of deviation from the norm, a decrease in the number of cells from the average statistical norm of the region and control parameters in the performing laboratory by 1.5 or 2 times were adopted, since deviations are within 30-60 % are borderline and quite easily compensated by the body. The aim of the work was to conduct an integrated analysis of data to determine the state of systemic immunity in inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (URT) to select the optimal informa-tional indicators. Materials and methods: Immunological methods were used to examine 260 people with inflammatory pa-thology of the upper respiratory tract, of which 82 had chronic tonsillitis, 76 with chronic rhinitis, 70 with chronic pharyngitis and 32 people made up a control group of healthy donors. The age of the subjects ranged from 16 to 60 years, the duration of the disease from 1 year to 5 years, female patients predominated (≈60%). Examinations were conducted in the clinical remission stage. When assessing systemic immunity, the number of T-lymphocytes (CD 3, 4, 8), B-lymphocytes (CD22), NK (CD56), monocytes (CD14), concentration of immunoglobulins of classes M, G, A, E, cytokines with regulatory properties, interferon-γ-IL4 were determined. Functional tests in assessing systemic immunity are presented by determining the cytolytic activity of blood mononuclear cells in relation to avian xenogenic red blood cells and the activity of phagocytic blood cells in relation to latex particles at the absorption stage. Statistical processing was performed using the angular transfor-mation method "φ" according to Fisher and the "one-sided" criterion "U" Wilcoxon. Results: Based on a wide range of immunological studies in patients with chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract, it seems most appropriate to use the following laboratory tests to assess systemic immunity to determine the characteristic deviations in the immune status of patients: High diagnostic value: - decreased serum IgA concentration (<0.5 g/l); - low level of activity of ECC of blood (<20% for xenoerythrocytes); - increased level of interleukin-1β (> 25 pg/ml); Relative diagnostic value: - determination of the degree of dysimmunoglobulinemia in serum; - increased titers of antibodies to streptolysin-O, other microbial antigens; - increased serum IgM. Conclusion: The developed criteria and approaches in assessing systemic immunity in patients with in-flammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract can be used to examine patients and assess the effectiveness of the treatment.

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