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The main objective of WTO Law is to accommodate individual's right in order to IntisariTujuan aturan WTO adalah mengakomodasi hak individu untuk memperoleh keuntungan dalam perdagangan internasional, akan tetapi ketika pemerintahnya melanggar aturan WTO, maka akan menyebabkan pelanggaran hak. Oleh karena itu, doktrin direct effect aturan WTO dapat menjadi doktrin yang memberikan perlindungan hukum, dalam rangka menyeimbangkan hak yang dilanggar. Namun, doktrin ini sangat sulit diterapkan, oleh karena itu, artikel ini mendiskusikan polemik dalam menerapkan doktrin direct effect. Aturan WTO dan keputusan DSB agar pemerintah dapat memberikan perlindungan hukum pada individu yang menjadi korban pelanggaran aturan WTO. Kata Kunci: WTO, badan penyelesaian sengketa, direct effect.

Nothing in the Uruguay Round mentions directly about rights of private economic actors. It seems that the relationship to private economic actors (or may be individual) does not exist within the WTO Agreements, because as a general rule, private parties are not legal subjects of the international legal order. However, this article will prevail upon this situation, by looking closer at the essence of the WTO Agreements to discern the rights of private economic actors that derive from the WTO. The main question of this article is to what extent then Indonesia is dealing with the rights of private economic actors under the WTO Agreements? The background of this questionis because four years after ratifying the WTO Agreements, Indonesia has been facing what is arguably the most serious multidimensional crisis in 1997, some difficult situations have arisen from the crisis; therefore, the society hesitated to accept the open world trading system. The society seemed look askance to the implementation of the WTO Agreements. But Indonesian Government took major step to reduce the skepticism of society toward liberalization, by readjusting its national laws conform to the WTO Agreements with the intention to support the rights of national economic actors under the WTO Agreements in order to achieve total benefits of the WTO rules.

Our overriding thesis is that nuclear security measures are required in Indonesia as a matter of urgency given Indonesia’s current plans for the construction of nuclear power plants (NPP) and all the physical infrastructure and supply chains wherein nuclear materials is exposed to the general public and a target for terrorist attack. This work is divided into two parts: (1) an analysis and close reading of the existing nuclear regulatory regime of Indonesia, with the view of determining whether the existing regulations are sufficient to provide nuclear security measures that protect the general public, and (2) based on our analysis what kind of policies and legislative provisions should we have in order to better protect the public. The headline of our assessment is that there is a complete lack of legal basis for security measures and that it is recommended. From an international perspective the nuclear operating organization is within the penumbra of nuclear security standards established by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). However, while within the penumbra of the international standard for nuclear security, our assessment finds the Indonesian security measure is inadequate and potentially dangerously in effective and thus, in its current state behooves the Indonesian government to undertake a deep reformation of the legal framework of nuclear security in Indonesia.