No abstract

Objective: Treating burn patients in the battlefield is one of the biggest challenges that military doctors and medical personnel can face. Wound patterns have been changed over time due to the introduction of new weapons, and many different aspects play a major role in the management of those burns nowadays. There is a potential gap in care of burn patients in war zones. Methods: A thorough literature search in PubMed, scientific journals, and Internet sites was conducted in regard to burn patients and trauma in war zones. Results: It is crucial for military surgeons to be able to stabilize burn patients during wartime conflicts, especially those patients who suffer from extreme burn injuries, as specialized treatment should be given. Medical personnel should be aware of all medication types used, the ways to minimize the risk of bacterial infection, and the ways to keep the injured safe. Conclusions: Injured civilians with burn trauma in the field of battle are deserving care, and special recognition should be given to the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that strive to ease human suffering in war zones. Proper management of burn patients in war zones is crucial, and military medical staff and NGOs can play a key role in that purpose.

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy. The mainstay of treatment for endometrial cancer is total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Radiation and chemotherapy accompanied with progestins can also play a significant role in treatment. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) following therapy for endometrial cancer are an extremely difficult and challenging condition that deteriorates patients' quality of life. Current literature remains rather scarce regarding LUTS after therapy for endometrial cancer. This review aimed to investigate the incidence of LUTS in endometrial cancer treatment.Endometrial cancer is a very commonly diagnosed malignancy of females even in women of reproductive age. It is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide with 61.880 new cases in 2019 in the United States and nearly 11,000 deaths from the disease, which primarily affects postmenopausal women (1, 2). Its incidence is increasing especially in socioeconomically developed countries including the United States where its rate reaches 19 cases in every 100,000 women (3). Similar rates are also observed in Eastern and Northern Europe. However, an extreme increase is observed in developing countries of South Africa and several countries in Asia (3).The most frequent symptom is the post-menopausal bleeding. Other, not so rare symptoms include: irregular, unpredictable, heavy or prolonged (>7 days) periods, bleeding between periods, after sex and after menopause, pelvic pain and pressure, discharge, changes in bowel habits and urination frequency (4, 5).The treatment of endometrial cancer may be surgical or conservative (6). The surgical treatment includes exploratory laparotomy, total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingooophorectomy, robotic total hysterectomy with pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy, laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy and total laparoscopic hysterectomy (7). Conservative treatment includes the use of progestins, radiation and/or chemotherapy based on staging of the disease (8). Concerning surgical treatment, the first choice is total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.

People in their everyday lives are exposed to radiation. Natural radiation is emitted from space, subsoil, and various materials which contain radioactive materials. Humans are also exposed to radiation from medical and industrial applications that use radioactive sources with artificial radioactive materials. Such radioactive sources may nevertheless get out of the control system and become orphan sources. Because these radiation sources are usually contained within metal shields such as lead and iron, the shields can end up as scrap metal being used in the metallurgical industry as raw material. Incidents have been recorded around the world, and several are reported in the literature and described here, where orphan sources have caused direct radiation exposure and/or environmental and personal contamination when the sources leaked. Timely and prompt recognition of an orphan radioactive source or device is crucial in order to minimize the radiological risk and its implications for the general population.