Gyropsylla spegazziniana is one of the most prominent pest insects of yerba mate culture in all production regions in Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. Natural enemies have been recorded on G. spegazziniana nymphs and adults, including the Zoophthora radicans entomopathogenic fungus. Since there are no reports of Beauveria bassiana, the aim of this study was to register its pathogenicity with respect to this insect in a laboratory setting. Yerba mate branches were kept in glass flasks with water and we infested each leaf with 20 newly-emerged nymphs. We prepared three replicates per treatment. We sprayed conidia suspensions (1 × 109 conidia/mL) onto the branches, which we transferred to cages and kept in an acclimatized room (26 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% of relative humidity (R.H.) with a photophase of 14 hours). We evaluated insect mortality daily, and after five days we observed a high level of pathogenicity due to the presence of the fungus, that could be visually observed on the cadaver. The total mortality varied from 25 to 70% (respectively for Unioeste 4 and CG 716) and the confirmed mortality was 30% for Unioeste 52, revealing the fungus' potential. However, more studies are necessary in order to evaluate the strains of this fungus, as well as other species.
In this paper, a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film with a controlled content of hydrogen (20%) and carbon (80%) was deposited onto a 304 stainless steel (304SS). Tribocorrosion tests were performed following immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. The DLC film with hydrogen and carbon control decreased the SS304 corrosion susceptibility 59-fold, compared to the bare surface, improving on the corrosion protection provided by DLC reported in the literature. Debris or nanoparticles from corroded metals can cause cytotoxicity or genotoxicity towards many cells, so these possible effects were evaluated using A172 glial cells (ATCC #CRL-1620 glioblastoma). The DLC film was not genotoxic or cytotoxic towards the glial cells. Furthermore, no cytotoxicity or genotoxicity was observed in the A172 cells after exposure to the SS304 covered with DLC film, even after 24 h of incubation, when compared to untreated cells. The methodology adopted, using a silicon interface between the DLC and the 304SS, was effective in preventing delamination of the DLC film. This report provides full information concerning methods for the production and characterisation of this DLC film.
Na farmácia de manipulação, as emulsões são os veículos ideais para diversas aplicações cosméticas e farmacêuticas, pois reúnem qualidades estéticas e funcionais, como a solubilização de componentes hidro e lipofílicos. As emulsões precisam demonstrar estabilidade física sob as mais variadas condições, como as variações de temperatura e o estresse induzido pelas vibrações durante o transporte. Devem, também, manter a consistência adequada para conseguir boa sensação sobre a pele, espalhar-se e liberar ingredientes ativos. O estudo de estabilidade de produtos cosméticos fornece informações sobre o comportamento do produto, indicando seu grau de estabilidade em determinado intervalo de tempo, frente a condições ambientais a que possa ser submetido, desde a fabricação até o término do prazo de validade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a estabilidade e os caracteres organolépticos de emulsões, após o preparo das mesmas, utilizando diferentes técnicas de homogeneização e resfriamento. Para a realização dos testes de estabilidade foram utilizadas duas formulações, uma emulsão aniônica, o Creme Lanette® e uma emulsão não iônica, o Creme Polawax®. Após a pesagem das matérias-primas, aquecimento e mistura das fases, a homogeneização foi realizada de quatro maneiras diferentes, quanto à temperatura e velocidade de agitação, até atingir a temperatura de 40ºC. Depois de submetidos a testes de estabilidade, não foram verificadas diferenças significativas nas características dos cremes estudados, mediante as técnicas de homogeneização e resfriamento aplicados.
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