The antioxidant activity was affected in HIV infected participants with malaria co-infection. Malaria co-infection in HIV seems to exert additional burden on antioxidants. This calls for concern in malaria endemic areas with increasing prevalence of HIV infection.
This study was designed to assess the serum hormonal levels (Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone, Prolactin and Cortisol) in symptomatic HIV/AIDS male subjects on ART. A total of 411 participants aged between 17 and 58 (43 ±10) years were randomly recruited for the study. The participants were staged and grouped as follows: symptomatic HIV/AIDS male subjects on ART (n= 139), symptomatic HIV/AIDS male subjects not on ART (n= 136) and HIV seronegative subjects (n= 136). Blood samples were collected from the participants for the determination of HIV status by immunochromatography and HIV confirmation by Western Blot. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assay for FSH, LH, Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone, Prolactin and Cortisol levels. Their results showed significant rise in FSH, LH in HIV seropositive participants on ART compared respectively to those not on ART and the HIV seropositive subjects (p< 0.05). On the other hand, the Estrogen, Progesterone, Prolactin and Cortisol were all raised in symptomatic HIV seropositive participants not on ART compared respectively to the symptomatic HIV seroposive on ART and the HIV seronegative groups (p< 0.05). The testosterone levels significantly decreased in both symptomatic HIV infected subjects on ART and those not on ART compared with the HIV seronegative controls (p< 0.05). The relevance of HIV infection on the serum hormonal status is that HIV infection causes hypogonadism as well as primary testicular failure in symptomatic HIV participants not on ART. Also, HIV infection causes hyperprolactinaemia, hyperprogesteronaemia and hypercortisolism in symptomatic HIV participants not on ART.
Metronidazole (MTZ) has been reported to cause neurotoxicity and this has great public health importance. This is an experimental study designed to evaluate the effects of metronidazole on the histology of the cerebellum and pituitary gland in female wistar rats. Twenty (20) adult female wistar rats weighing between 170-260g were divided into four groups (A-D) comprising of five (5) rats each. Group A (the control), was given normal rat feed with water, while group B, C, and D received 50mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight of MTZ orally on daily basis using intubation method for a period of twenty eight (28) days respectively. Thereafter, the experimental animals were sacrificed and their respective cerebellum and pituitary gland harvested for histological examination using haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) method. The histological examination of the cerebellum of the experimental animals in group A (control) revealed a normal histological limits, showing the cortex, prominent purkinje cells and granular layer. However, the rats in group B showed mild congestion of cerebellar blood vessels; group C showed mild displacement of the purkinje cells and the granular layer while group D revealed the displacement of the purkinje cells and the granular layer. Furthermore, the pituitary gland of the control rats (group A) showed normal histological limits. There was no significant change in the histology of the pituitary gland of the rats in group B (50mg/kg body weight of MTZ) but in the group C animals, the pars nervosa displayed the pituicytes with mild necrosis while those in group D showed that there was a reduction in the presence of pituicytes and mild congestion of the blood vessels. Thus, metreonidazole has an adverse effect on the cerebellum and pituitary gland.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.