This article aims to examine the issue of China's Belt Road Initiative (BRI) Mahan. Namun demikian, teori itu masih cukup relevan untuk menjawab kebijakan Cina serta keuntungan geopolitik apa yang diperoleh negara tersebut. Dengan menggunaka n penelitian kualitatif, teori geopolitik klasik digunakan untuk mengkaji kebijakan BRI Cina pada pembangunan jalur koridor perdagangan darat yang melewati wilayah Eurasia dan jalur perdagangan maritim yang melewati perairan strategis dunia. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketika proyek tersebut terlaksana, Cina tidak hanya akan mendapatkan keuntungan secara ekonomi tetapi juga mampu mengubah konstelasi geopolitik dunia. Walaupun masih terlalu dini, proyek BRI memiliki potensi untuk menjadikan Cina sebagai kekuatan utama dunia yang baru.
Cyber security is a new kind of topic in security studies. This issue came as prominent discourse when all the human aspect range from politics, military, economics and societal are connected to the cyber space. Cyber terrorism, cyber crime and cyber war are the most potential threat who come from the cyber world. As the strategic region in the world, South East Asia who has promising economic growth cannot escape from those threats. The aim of this research is to explain what kind of strategy that can be implemented in protecting the cyber security of South East Asia. To answer the research question, the author used mainstream approach such neorealism and neoliberalism. From the author’s perspective, ASEAN countries need to develop their technological power without ignoring the weightiness of interstate cooperation. Keywords: cyber security, neorealism, neoliberalism, security studies, South East Asia Abstrak Keamanan cyber pada hakikatnya merupakan isu dalam studi keamanan yang terbilang masih sangat baru. Isu ini muncul ketika semua aspek kehidupan politik, militer, ekonomi, sosial dan budaya terhubung ke dunia maya. Ancaman cyber yang berpotensi sebagai ancaman adalah cyber terrorism, cyber crime dan cyber war. Asia Tenggara sebagai salah satu kawasan penting di dunia dengan tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi yang cukup tinggi tidak terlepas dari ancaman tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas strategi seperti apakah yang paling tepat dalam menjaga keamanan cyber di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Dalam menjawab research question, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan mainstream seperti neorealism dan neoliberal. Pada intinya, negara yang tergabung sebagai anggota ASEAN perlu mengembangkan kemampuan power teknologinya tanpa mengesampingkan pentingnya kerja sama antar negara. Kata Kunci: keamanan cyber, neorealis, neoliberalis, studi keamanan, Asia Tenggara
The purpose of this research is to find out what are the incentives and work discipline on the work productivity of employees at PT Infomedia Nusantara. This type of research is associative with the entire population of Infomedia call center services that open 156 employees, and the number of samples uses a Slovin sample which opens 88 employees. The form of the instrument used was a questionnaire with a Likert scale, the incentive questionnaire consisted of 7 statements, 9 questionnaire work disciplines and the questionnaire product consisted of 7 statements, all of the questionnaires were tested for validity and reliability. From the results of the questionnaire distribution for the incentive variable (X1), 58.4% agree, and 38.6% strongly agree, for the work discipline variable (X2), 60.2% agree, and 28.4 strongly agree, and for the productivity variable. obtained 68.8% agree and 28.6% strongly agree. From these data, it has fulfilled the classical assumption tests such as normality test, heteroscedasticity test, and multicollinearity test, and continued with hypothesis testing, t-test to determine partial effect and F-test to determine simultaneous effect. The conclusion obtained from the hypothesis test is that there is a partial or simultaneous influence of incentives and work discipline on the productivity of PT. Infomedia Nusantara. The influence of incentives and work discipline on productivity is 56.8%.
Agenda era kepemimpinan Presiden Joko Widodo menyasar langkah-langkah tegas dalam melindungi keamanan dan kedaulatan maritim Indonesia; terutama kedaulatan dan keamanan maritim di sekitar teritorial laut. Namun, implementasi ini menghadapi tantangan terkait pelanggaran kedaulatan. Salah satunya adalah pencurian ikan oleh kapal-kapal nelayan asing yang mengancam jumlah cadangan ikan di perairan Indonesia. Berhadapan dengan ancaman tersebut, komitmen Indonesia untuk menjaga kedaulatan dan keamanan maritim nampak dari pengambilan kebijakan 'tenggelamkan kapal' oleh Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP), yang dipimpin oleh Susi Pudjiastuti sejak tahun 2014. Dalam konteks polemik Laut China Selatan yang berhubungan dengan perairan wilayah Indonesia, terutama di seputar perairan Natuna, kebijakan tersebut memiliki implikasi signifikan terhadap geopolitik Laut China Selatan. Pertanyaan yang muncul adalah apa implikasi kebijakan 'Sink the Vessels' terhadap geopolitik maritim di Laut China Selatan? Dengan menggunakan pendekatan strukturasi dan geopolitik, artikel ini menyatakan bahwa kebijakan 'IUU Fishing' Indonesia meningkatkan kompleksitas keamanan maritim di Laut China Selatan. Dalam konteks kebijakan ini, interaksi di Laut China Selatan pada akhirnya mengarah pada penguatan perilaku realisme politik di antara negaranegara yang berpotensi konflik dengan Indonesia di perairan Natuna.
For each nation-state, technology has become a new backbone. It links a range of critical infrastructures, including finance, banking, security, water, electricity, and transport. As Southeast Asia's dominant regional body, ASEAN enjoys privileges and benefits from emerging technology. In recent years, digital trade has enhanced the economic growth of ASEAN. Nßon-traditional threats such as a cyber attack are, however, the result of the modern world. Malware, malware, and advanced persistent threat (APT) lurk in every corner of cyberspace, seeking to cripple and shut down ASEAN's economic interest. The lack of rigorous regulation and a major technological gap among ASEAN members is the biggest challenge to strengthen cybersecurity in Southeast Asia. When conflict comes from the cyber world, the absence of control will jeopardize their interests. Using Archer's theory of international organization, the author aims to examine the policy in Southeast Asia to issue firm cybersecurity regulations. To improve the debate, the authors used the qualitative approach and secondary data. ASEAN needs to set the standard, aggregate and socialize the national interests of all members and enforce the unique legal formal process from the viewpoint of the authors. The Cybersecurity Regulation should certainly be consistent with the essential basis of the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation.
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