Background: Ankylosis is a very common condition developed mainly after damage to mandibular condyles or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) at a growing age. Different autogenous and alloplastic interpositional materials have been attempted after the resection of the ankylotic bone to achieve desirable results. This condition is relatively common in Pakistan. We treated TMJ ankylosis with alloplastic medical grade silicone "silastic" interpositional arthroplasty. Eight joints accompanied ipsilateral or contralateral coronoidectomy to achieve desirable results. Method: All patients were presented at Punjab Dental Hospital Lahore. Sixty-one joints with unilateral TMJ ankylosis were underwent surgery after careful examination and final radiographic confirmation. The preoperative CT scan was also performed in few patients. Results: The postoperative measurements of the interincisal opening with lateral and protrusive jaw movements were criteria for success of surgery. The lateral and protrusive jaw movements were assessed as excellent, good and poor. Less than 25 mm interincisal opening was considered as poor jaw opening. Conclusion: The overall success rate was 98.4 "Ai with 84 % desirable interincisal jaw opening. Less than 5 % patients were observed with poor jaw opening. The immediate late complications were transient and were included oedema, weakness of a branch of the facial nerve on the operated side. Two implants were infected along with one wire in the first month of surgery and were removed under local anesthesia` without further complication.

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Background: The posttraumatic ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is frequently seen in children in Pakistan. The factors which favour in the development of this condition are; the children exhibit much more liability to emergency management, greater difficulty in clinical and radiological examination, state of mixed dentition, faster rate of healing, non-availability of specialists and low socioeconomic status of the patient. Different autogenous and alloplastic interpositional materials have been attempted after the resection of the ankylotic bone to achieve desirable results. Method: All patients were presented at Punjab Dental and Children Complex Hospitals Lahore. Twenty-three children (age 1 to 15years) with 28 joints underwent costochondral arthroplasty with interpositional temporalis myofacial flap, out of which 6 were of re-ankylosis after surgery at other centres. The costochondral graft was fixed by tripod screws with remaining ramus condylar unit. The surgery was planned after caref ul examination and final radiographic confirmation. The preoperative CT scan was also performed in few patients. Results: The surgical protocol is used to achieve the desirable interincisal jaw opening (>30mm) that was also the postoperative criteria for successful surgery. Five patients with bilateral ankylosis were operated and one patient with additional ipsilateral coronoidectomy. Less than 30mm interincisal opening was considered as unsatisfactory jaw opening. The overall success rate was 96% with only one patient was observed with less than 30mm opening. The lateral and protrusive jaw movements were assessed as excellent, good and poor. The immediate postoperative complications were transient. Conclusion: The ankylosis develops mainly after damage to mandibular condyles or TMJ at a growing age. Results with the procedure were encouraging without noticeable complications during an average follow up of one year.

Ficus benjamina is an ornamental plant that planted alongside the road of Pakistan to increase the beauty of country. Several insect pests are attacking on this beautiful plant, responsible in reduction of aesthetic value of country. Among insect pests, Trilocha varians is serious and destructive pest whose larvae feed on leaves resulting 100% defoliation. The study was conducted to check the life table of this emerging pest on F. benjamina under controlled conditions. The study showed that total life period of T. varians from egg to adult was 33-35 days. The highest apparent mortality was recorded in early larval instars and rapidly reduced in later instars (3rd instars) which even reached to zero from 4th larval instars to pupal stage. Age-specific survivorship (lx) of the cohort was gradually reduce in later instars. Maximum mortality at early stage may exert significant negative effect on the insect population. The management practices could be more fruitful against early instars as compared to later instars larvae.