OBJECTIVE -This study was designed to assess the insulin-sparing effect of oral administration of metformin along with a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) for the treatment of type 1 diabetic patients.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -A total of 62 patients (25 women and 37 men) were studied in a monocenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study, comparing metformin (850 mg b.i.d.) with placebo in association with CSII during a 6-month period.RESULTS -Treatment with metformin was associated with a reduction in daily insulin requirements between V0 and V6 of Ϫ4.3 Ϯ 9.9 units (Ϫ7.8 Ϯ 18%) compared with an increase with placebo treatment of 1.7 Ϯ 8.3 units (2.8 Ϯ 12.7%) (P ϭ 0.0043). A decrease in basal requirement of insulin was also observed in patients treated with metformin of Ϫ2.6 Ϯ 3.2 units (Ϫ7.9 Ϯ 23.8%) compared with an increase with placebo treatment of 1.9 Ϯ 5.7 units (8.8 Ϯ 27.1%) (P ϭ 0.023). HbA 1c remained unchanged in treatment with metformin and placebo between V0 and V6. The number of hypoglycemic events (Ͻ60 mg/dl) was similar in both groups. Significant reductions of total cholesterol (P ϭ 0.04) and LDL cholesterol (P ϭ 0.05) were observed in patients treated with metformin. Gastrointestinal events, including diarrhea and abdominal pain, were reported in three patients in the metformin group who discontinued the trial. Mild or moderate gastrointestinal side effects were also reported in eight patients treated with metformin and two patients treated with placebo (P ϭ 0.069).CONCLUSIONS -Metformin was found to be a safe insulin-sparing agent, when used in combination with CSII for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.

Systematic screening for and treatment of FA symptoms before obesity surgery is critical because FA symptoms are prevalent and associated with poorer psychosocial outcome.

In this study, we validated a psychometrically sound French version of the Binge Eating Scale, both in a non-clinical and a clinical sample. The psychometric properties of the French version of the BES are comparable to its original version with a one-factor structure. The BES is a useful tool to assess binge eating disorder in obese patients (e.g., bariatric surgery candidates), but might not differentiate between binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa in underweight and optimal weight subjects.

Prevalence of current food addiction was 16.5%. Patients with (vs. without) food addiction had lower conscientiousness (p = .047), higher neuroticism and lower extraversion (p < 0.001), but there was no difference in terms of agreeableness (p = 0.42) or openness (p = 0.16). They were more frequently single (p = .021) and reported higher alexithymia (p < .001) and higher impulsivity sub-scores (p<.05). Conclusions/Importance: Food addiction shares personality traits with substance-related disorders (regarding neuroticism, conscientiousness, impulsivity, alexithymia), and one distinctive trait (low extraversion). This study provides additional data that enrich the discussion on whether the "food addiction" phenotype should be included or not in the "substance-related and addictive disorder" category.