BACKGROUND: Benign tracheal stenosis in adults has three etiologies: secondary to prolonged intubation, idiopathic, and rheumatologic. The one associated with prolonged intubation has been described as a lesion due to the persistent pressure of the balloon on the tracheal mucosa, which predisposes to a regional hyperinflammatory response; for that reason, modulating treatments for this response have been proposed as an alternative to classical surgical treatment. To date there is no treatment defined as Gold-Standard; both open and endoscopic treatments are practiced, among the last described, an option is intralesional corticosteroids injection. CASE REPORT: This is a 47-year-old woman with a history of prolonged mechanical ventilation; months later she was diagnosed with tracheal stenosis, initial treated with dilation and stent placement, with subsequent complications (stent migration, reinterventions due to respiratory distress). The patient sought medical attention due to dyspnea, stridor, productive cough, halitosis and general malaise, finding severe tracheal stenosis (98%) by flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. EVOLUTION: Using rigid bronchoscopy, the stent was removed, dilation was performed, and we administered intralesional corticosteroid for one time, with a good immediate response; in addition, a course of intramuscular corticosteroids was administered for two days. Six months after the procedure, the patient remained without recurrences, with a stable tracheal stenosis of 30%. CONCLUSION: After the bibliographic review carried out, as well as the successful experience we had with the patient, we agree with the available literature that this new treatment option is adequate for its application, although we recognize that larger studies are required to define the precise indications and an optimal protocol for its establishment.

REVISTA MÉDICA HJCA RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN:Los tumores cardiacos fetales son extraordinariamente raros; su prevalencia varía entre 0.027% y 0.14%. Entre ellos, los más comunes son los rabdomiomas, siendo el 90% benignos y asintomáticos. Se mencionan menos de 300 casos en la bibliografía médica internacional y, en nuestro país, existe un solo caso publicado que no requirió corrección quirúrgica.CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente masculino, recién nacido a término, adecuado para la edad gestacional, con diagnóstico prenatal ecográfico de masa intracavitaria cardiaca, observado en ecografía a las 20 semanas de gestación. Estudio ecográfico a las pocas horas de vida evidenció comunicación interatrial, persistencia de conducto arterioso e imágenes compatibles con rabdomiomas biventriculares con repercusión hemodinámica y signos de disfunción biventricular de predominio derecho por obstrucción del tracto de salida, por lo que se decidió intervención quirúrgica con corrección total.EVOLUCIÓN: El paciente fue ingresado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal para monitoreo hemodinámico y a las 36 horas de vida se realizó cirugía correctiva con resección de masa tumoral de ventrículo derecho preservando válvula pulmonar, cierre de conducto arterioso y de la comunicación interauricular. Recibió el alta a los 10 días con buena evolución; ecocardiografías posteriores muestran involución de rabdomiomas intracavitarios de ventrículo izquierdo y adecuada función hemodinámica. CONCLUSIÓN:El diagnóstico prenatal permitió planificar parto por cesárea y corrección quirúrgica total temprana. Existe dificultad para diagnóstico de patologías con prevalencias tan bajas, por lo que los controles ecográficos realizados por profesionales experimentados fueron de vital importancia. El esfuerzo multidisciplinario para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y control hicieron posible un resultado favorable.

Resumen: La enfermedad de Ebstein es una patología rara, siendo su incidencia de 1 por cada 20.000 recién nacidos vivos. Se trata de una implantación baja de las valvas septal y posterior de la tricúspide. Por lo tanto, la aurícula derecha tiende a ser más amplia y el ventrículo derecho disminuye en su tamaño. Además, el 25% de los casos se relacionan con vías de conducción accesorias y comunicación inter atrial. El diagnostico se realiza por ecocardiograma y actualmente con resonancia magnética. Por lo tanto, ésta patología se la puede asignar en la clasificación de Carpienter, según su grado. Son recomendaciones de cirugía: el deterioro de la clase funcional, cianosis, cardiomegalia y dilatación progresiva del ventrículo derecho. Sin embargo; la ablación con catéter en arritmias auriculares tiene un resultado favorable y aquellos pacientes diagnosticados en la adultez tienen buen pronóstico pos quirúrgico. Resultados: En el presente caso se llegó a la conclusión que mencionada sintomatología (disnea de medianos esfuerzos más palpitaciones acompañado de dolor torácico atípico) se debe al flutter auricular que presenta el paciente, a pesar de la implantación baja de la válvula tricúspide; por lo tanto, se procederá a realizar ablación con catéter, valorar evolución clínica y dependiente de ésta se escalará a tratamiento quirúrgico. Conclusiones: Se decidió optimizar tratamiento clínico y ablación del flutter pues sintomatología probablemente es secundaria a este. Además, se realizará seguimiento del caso y si con estas medidas no mejora la sintomatología se deberá escalar tratamiento, basándonos en el deterioro de clase funcional como indicación para plastia o cambio de la válvula tricúspide. El presente caso, se agrupó como un tipo B de acuerdo a la clasificación de Carpentier

BACKGROUND: The treatment of ascending aorta (AA) aneurysms has evolved over the years. The surgical technique for this pathology should always be chosen in favor of preserving native tissues, as much as possible. Aortic dilation can be secondary to other pathologies. There is an association with arterial hypertension, COPD, smoking, atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, Marfan syndrome. The aim of this study was to characterize patients who underwent ascending aorta surgery in two medical centers in Cuenca- Ecuador, between January 2014 and August 2019. METHODS: Cross-Sectional descriptive and correlation study. The study population was formed by 23 patients undergoing an ascending aortic surgical intervention, in the city of Cuenca-Ecuador, at Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga or Clínica Santa Inés, from January 2014 to August 2019. Data was obtained from the patient’s medi-cal records. RESULTS: The age range went from 27 to 74 years with an average of 55.5 7 years. The most frequently found comorbidities were hypertension (56.5%) and type 2 diabetes (17.4%), 8.7% of the patients presented with Mar-fan syndrome. The most common diagnosis was ascending aortic aneurysm without significant valve damage (39%). 91% percent of the patients underwent surgery with the Bentall-De Bono technique. The majority of patients (52.2%) did not present any post-surgical complications. The mortality rate found in this population was 1.3 per 10 patients. CONCLUSIONS:Men were more frequently affected. The mean age was 55 years. The studied pathologies were heterogeneous, from SAA to primary or secondary aortic diseases. The main symptoms were angina and dyspnea; there was no significant association between clinical onset and mortality. The most frequent comor-bidities were Arterial Hypertension and type II Diabetes. We didn’t found any significant associations between complications and the other variables. The most common complication was bleeding that needed rintervention. Mortality decreased progressively since 2014. KEYWORDS: Aortic Diseases, Aortic Aneurysm, Aortic Valve, Cardiac Surgical Procedures.

BACKGROUND: Primary pericardial mesothelioma is an extremely rare mesodermal tumor, among oncological diseases, with a very low incidence. About 350 cases have been described around the world, most of them diagnosed post-mortem. The short term prognosis is poor, regardless of the treatment, which is mostly palliative. We present a case report regarding this pathology. CASE REPORT: 69 year old patient hospitalized with dyspnea and severe anemia. Complementary workup showed pleural effusion and pericardial effusion. Histopathology report of the pericardial fluid revealed pericardial mesothelioma. EVOLUTION: Due to recurrence of pericardial effusion, it was decided to perform pericardiectomy and left pleurectomy as palliative treatment, to alleviate the patient’s symptoms. Chemotherapy was planned after the procedure, but the patient’s general condition deteriorated severely leading to his death. CONCLUSION: Primary pericardial mesothelioma is a rare tumor, whose symptoms are characterized by the associated pericardial effusion, making the diagnosis difficult due to it low incidence. The prognosis is poor in short- term, and there isn’t an established protocol for the treatment with results that showed improve in mortality. KEYWORDS: MESOTHELIOMA, PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, PERICARDIECTOMY, PLEUROTOMY.