Genotype by environment (GE) interaction is considered to be among the major factors limiting the efficiency of breeding programs. Fifteen chickpea genotypes were evaluated to study their adaptability and stability in eight environments of South East of Turkey. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications in two locations in over three years. In this study, AMMI and GGE biplot analyses were used in the evaluation of test environments and genotypes. The AMMI analysis showed that the effects of genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction were significant (P<0.01) on grain yield. The results of AMMI analyses indicated that chickpea grain yield performances were highly affected by environmental effect followed by the magnitude of GEI and genotype contributed the least effect. The polygon view of the GGE biplot showed that environments used this study belonged to two mega-environments, with different winning genotypes G2 (FLIP03-128C) and G12 (FLIP09-51C). The GGE biplot also revealed that E6 (2015 Diyarbakır winter sowing) was the most discriminating environment for grain yield of chickpea genotypes. According to the AMMI, GGE biplot and linier regression models, considering simultaneous average yield and stability, G1 (EN 934) and G10 (FLIP 03-110C) genotypes were the best genotype all the environments. However, G2 (FLIP03-128C), G3 (FLIP03-28C) and G5 (X03TH130) genotypes can be regarded as adapted to a wide range of environments.

Abstract. This study investigated the effects of seed size and fertilizer usage with seed at planting on agronomic parameters of chickpea as a winter crop. The experiment was conducted according to splitsplit plots of randomized blocks with four replications. As factorial two chickpea varieties (Arda and Diyar 95), two fertilizer applications (with and without fertilizer) and three seed sizes (large, medium and small) are discussed in this study. The results showed that fertilizer applications along with seed at planting and large seed increased significantly the number of seed per plant, number of pods, biological yield, grain yield and 100-grain weight. However, fertilizer applications with large seeds had a negative effect on the output of the seeds and reduced grain yield per unit. In general, plants germinating from large seed had higher number of pods and number of seeds plant -1, 100 seed weight, biological and seed yield plant -1 , while plants germinated from medium seed had higher emergence percentage, first pod hight, nodule fresh weight plant -1 and grain yield ha -1 . These effects tend to decrease in chickpea varieties having medium-grain weight as Arda. It was concluded that, application of fertilizer along with seed during the sowing time results in decreased emergence percentage of the seeds and lower the yield in chickpea.

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Bu çalışma, kışlık gelişme tabiatına sahip 14 modern ekmeklik ve 11 sentetik buğday genotipinin tane verimi ve bazı kalite özellikleri bakımından karşılaştırılması amacıyla 2014-15 ve 2015-16 yetiştirme sezonlarında Elazığ ili sulu şartlarında yürütülmüştür. Denemeler tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuş, birleştirilmiş varyans analiz sonuçlarına göre incelenen tüm özellikler bakımından genotipler arasındaki fark 0.01 düzeyinde istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. İki yıllık ortalama sonuçlara göre, sentetik ve modern ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinin tane verimi ortalaması sırasıyla 720 ve 707 kg da-1 ; bin tane ağırlığı için 41.42 ve 37.35 g; protein oranı için %10.71 ve %10.79; yaş gluten değeri %31.7 ve %30.7 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada sentetik buğday genotipleri bin tane ağırlığı bakımından daha üstün özelliğe sahipken, tane verimi bakımından daha yüksek bir ortalamaya sahip olmalarına rağmen bariz bir üstünlük tespit edilememiştir. ANOVA ve GGE biplot analizleri sonucuna göre sentetik buğday genotipi S-4'ün bin tane, yaş gluten ve protein özellikleri bakımından, modern ekmeklik buğday genotipi M-3'ün ise zeleny sedimantasyon ve hektolitre özellikleri için en ideal değerlere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda sentetik buğday genotiplerinin tane verimi ve kalite özellikleri bakımından iyi bir potansiyele sahip olmakla beraber, dikkatli ve etkili bir seleksiyon ile modern ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinden daha üstün özelliklere sahip sentetik buğday genotiplerin belirlenebileceği ve bu konuda daha kapsamlı çalışmaların yapılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Among abiotic stresses, drought is undoubtedly one of the most important ones, that have great impact on crop growth and productivity worldwide. Therefore, identifying of plants' performance against drought stress and estimating drought tolerance become a necessary part of the breeding phase. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of several indices that combine drought tolerance and high yield potential in chickpea. The trials were conducted under both stressed and no-stressed environments for two growing seasons (2015/2016-2016/2017) in Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey. Varyans analysis results showed that there were significant differences among genotypes regarding Yp, Ys, MP, MRP, GMP, REI, STI, MISTIk 1, MISTIk 2, HM, YI, PI, ATI, SNPI and RDY. The genotypes FLIP09-51C, FLIP97-503C and FLIP06-97C had high yield under non-stressed condition, while the genotypes FLIP09-51C, FLIP06-97C and ‘Aksu’ displayed high amount under stressed condition. Thus, the genotypes FLIP09-51C and FLIP06-97C were found as good candidates for commercial recommendation in both conditions. Spearman rank correlation matrix showed that drought indices were significantly related to each other. The yields in stress and no-stress conditions (Yp and Ys) showed a significant and positive correlation with MP, MRP, GMP, REI, STI, MSTIK1, MSTIK2 and HM and showed a negative correlation with PI and RDY. As a result, it has been found that MISTIK2, DI, HM, STI and YI can be used as optimal indicators for screening drought-tolerant genotypes, while FLIP09-51C, FLIP06-97C, EN934 and ‘Aksu’ varieties have been the most tolerant genotypes in terms of these indices examined in study.