We use spatially resolved two-dimensional stellar velocity maps over a 107 × 107 field of view to investigate the kinematic features of 90 early-type galaxies above stellar mass 10 11.5 M in the MASSIVE survey. We measure the misalignment angle Ψ between the kinematic and photometric axes and identify local features such as velocity twists and kinematically distinct components. We find 46% of the sample to be well aligned (Ψ < 15 • ), 33% misaligned, and 21% without detectable rotation (nonrotators). Only 24% of the sample are fast rotators, the majority of which (91%) are aligned, whereas 57% of the slow rotators are misaligned with a nearly flat distribution of Ψ from 15 • to 90 • . 11 galaxies have Ψ 60 • and thus exhibit minor-axis ("prolate") rotation in which the rotation is preferentially around the photometric major axis. Kinematic misalignments occur more frequently for lower galaxy spin or denser galaxy environments. Using the observed misalignment and ellipticity distributions, we infer the intrinsic shape distribution of our sample and find that MASSIVE slow rotators are consistent with being mildly triaxial, with mean axis ratios of b/a = 0.88 and c/a = 0.65. In terms of local kinematic features, 51% of the sample exhibit kinematic twists of larger than 20 • , and 2 galaxies have kinematically distinct components. The frequency of misalignment and the broad distribution of Ψ reported here suggest that the most massive early-type galaxies are mildly triaxial, and that formation processes resulting in kinematically misaligned slow rotators such as gas-poor mergers occur frequently in this mass range.

Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n'arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à PublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team atPublicationsArchive-ArchivesPublications@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. For the publisher's version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l'éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous.http://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa5ebcAccess and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth atThe massive survey VI: the spatial distribution and kinematics of warm ionized gas in the most massive local early-type galaxies Pandya, Viraj; Greene, Jenny E.; Ma, Chung-Pei; Veale, Melanie; Ene, Irina; Davis, Timothy A.; Blakeslee, John P.; Goulding, Andy D.; McConnell, Nicholas J.; Nyland, Kristina; Thomas, Jens http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fra/droits L'accès à ce site Web et l'utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D'UTILISER CE SITE WEB. NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC:http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/view/object/?id=f69bb12a-dd71-4a0f-a3e2-67cd7d1de13a http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=f69bb12a-dd71-4a0f-a3e2-67cd7d1de13a AbstractWe present the first systematic investigation of the existence, spatial distribution, and kinematics of warm ionized gas as traced by the [O II] 3727 Å emission line in 74 of the most massive galaxies in the local universe. All of our galaxies have deep integral-field spectroscopy from the volume-and magnitude-limited MASSIVE survey of earlytype galaxies with stellar mass ()  * > MM log 11.5 (M K <−25.3 mag) and distance D<108 Mpc. Of the 74 galaxies in our sample, we detect warm ionized gas in 28, which yields a global detection fraction of 38±6% down to a typical [O II] equivalent width limit of 2 Å. MASSIVE fast rotators are more likely to have gas than MASSIVE slow rotators with detection fractions of 80±10% and 28±6%, respectively. The spatial extents span a wide range of radii (0.6-18.2 kpc; 0.1-4R e ), and the gas morphologies are diverse, with 17/28≈61±9% being centrally concentrated, 8/28≈29±9% exhibiting clear rotation out to several kiloparsecs, and 3/28≈11±6% being extended but patchy. Three out of four fast rotators show ki...

The reconstruction of the trajectories of charged particles, or track reconstruction, is a key computational challenge for particle and nuclear physics experiments. While the tuning of track reconstruction algorithms can depend strongly on details of the detector geometry, the algorithms currently in use by experiments share many common features. At the same time, the intense environment of the High-Luminosity LHC accelerator and other future experiments is expected to put even greater computational stress on track reconstruction software, motivating the development of more performant algorithms. We present here A Common Tracking Software (ACTS) toolkit, which draws on the experience with track reconstruction algorithms in the ATLAS experiment and presents them in an experiment-independent and framework-independent toolkit. It provides a set of high-level track reconstruction tools which are agnostic to the details of the detection technologies and magnetic field configuration and tested for strict thread-safety to support multi-threaded event processing. We discuss the conceptual design and technical implementation of ACTS, selected applications and performance of ACTS, and the lessons learned.

We use observations from the GEMINI-N/GMOS integral-field spectrograph (IFS) to obtain spatially resolved stellar kinematics of the central ∼ 1 kpc of 20 early-type galaxies (ETGs) with stellar masses greater than 10 11.7 M in the MASSIVE survey. Together with observations from the wide-field Mitchell IFS at McDonald Observatory in our earlier work, we obtain unprecedentedly detailed kinematic maps of local massive ETGs, covering a scale of ∼ 0.1 − 30 kpc. The high (∼ 120) signal-to-noise of the GMOS spectra enable us to obtain two-dimensional maps of the line-of-sight velocity, velocity dispersion σ, as well as the skewness h 3 and kurtosis h 4 of the stellar velocity distributions. All but one galaxy in the sample have σ(R) profiles that increase towards the center, whereas the slope of σ(R) at one effective radius (R e ) can be of either sign. The h 4 is generally positive, with 14 of the 20 galaxies having positive h 4 within the GMOS aperture and 18 having positive h 4 within 1R e . The positive h 4 and rising σ(R) towards small radii are indicative of a central black hole and velocity anisotropy. We demonstrate the constraining power of the data on the mass distributions in ETGs by applying Jeans anisotropic modeling (JAM) to NGC 1453, the most regular fast rotator in the sample. Despite the limitations of JAM, we obtain a clear χ 2 minimum in black hole mass, stellar mass-to-light ratio, velocity anisotropy parameters, and the circular velocity of the dark matter halo.

We use high spatial resolution stellar velocity maps from the Gemini GMOS integral-field spectrograph (IFS) and wide-field velocity maps from the McDonald Mitchell IFS to study the stellar velocity profiles and kinematic misalignments from ∼ 200 pc to ∼ 20 kpc in 20 early-type galaxies with stellar mass M * > 10 11.7 M in the MASSIVE survey. While 80% of the galaxies have low spins (λ < 0.1) and low rotational velocities (< 50 km s −1 ) in both the central region and the main body, we find a diverse range of velocity features and misalignment angles. For the 18 galaxies with measurable central kinematic axes, 10 have well aligned kinematic axis and photometric major axis, and the other 8 galaxies have misalignment angles that are distributed quite evenly from 15 • to the maximal value of 90 • . There is a strong correlation between central kinematic misalignment and galaxy spin, where all 4 galaxies with significant spins have well aligned kinematic and photometric axes, but only 43% of the low-spin galaxies are well aligned. The central and main-body kinematic axes within a galaxy are not always aligned. When the two kinematic axes are aligned (∼ 60% of the cases), they are either also aligned with the photometric major axis or orthogonal to it. We find 13 galaxies to also exhibit noticeable local kinematic twists, and one galaxy to have a counter-rotating core. A diverse assembly history consisting of multiple gas-poor mergers of a variety of progenitor mass ratios and orbits is likely to be needed to account for the predominance of low spins and the wide range of central and main-body velocity features reported here for local massive ETGs.