Abstruct-The demand for drive-by-wire, telematics, entertainment, multimedia, pre-crash warning, highway guidance, remote diagnostic, etc. will significantly increase the complexity of a vehicle's sofhrvare modules. From time to time, the vehicle's software may need to be updated due to many reasons such as the introduction of new features in vehicles, changing the navigation map, fixing software hugs, etc.Software updates must be done in secure modes to avoid any fuhtre disasters due to malfunctions of the vehicle. I n this paper, we propose an architecture for secure software uploads in vehicles. We provide a detailed description of the secure software upload process.

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In future, updating various software modules in vehicles on a regular basis will be required for various reasons such as update functionalities in the existing system, add new functionalities, remove software bugs, update navigation map etc. For updating software to a large number of vehicles, remote updating using mobile multicasting would be the most efficient and economic than unicast updating in service station. However, the security requirement of multicast communication, i.e., confidentiality and integrity of the information transmitted and authenticity of the group members, is challenging. In this paper, we investigate issues in designing key management architectures for secure multicast network, particularly for remote software update in future vehicles. Vehicular software distribution network is considered as wireless network where vehicles are connected to the software distributors through base stations. Since the network consists of vehicles and base stations, the network dynamics is characterized by quasi-permanent mobility, high speed and frequent hand-off. High mobility and frequent hand-off increase the complexity of dynamic group membership which results in increase complexity in key generation and distribution. However, unlike the other mobile hosts such as PDA, vehicles provide sufficient battery, computational power and memory which allow performing complex cryptographic algorithm. Taking these things into consideration, we propose to use decentralized key management technique to generate and distribute multicast session key to the group members. Consequently, we evaluate our proposed architecture based on key distribution efficiency, re-keying efficiency, computational complexity, key storage requirement and scalability. From our analysis, it is found that the setup and re-keying time of the proposed mechanism is in the range of few milliseconds while it provides confidentiality, authenticity and data integrity.

Updating software in vehicle Electronic Control Units (ECUs) will become a mandatory requirement for a variety of reasons, for examples, to update functionality of an existing system, add new functionality, remove software bugs and to cope up with ITS infrastructure. Since multicasting is the most efficient method of group communication, updating software in an ECU of a large number of vehicles could benefit from it. In a previous work, we proposed an infrastructure-based mobile multicasting for remote software upload (RSU) in vehicle ECUs where an ECU receives the software from a remote software distribution center using the road side Base Stations (BSs) as gateways. Consequently, we proposed two multicast session establishment techniques based on the degree of trust on the BSs named Fully-trusted (FT) and Semi-trusted (ST) systems. In this paper, we conduct extensive simulation studies to evaluate the performance of these two techniques by finding the average latency to authenticate a vehicle and provide it with the multicast session key by the software provider during multicast session initialization. Simulation results show that the link establishment latency per vehicle of our proposed schemes is in the range of few seconds and the ST system requires two to three times higher time than the FT system.