a b s t r a c tThis report includes an assessment of comparative studies of the cold flow properties of fuel mixtures containing mineral diesel fuel (D), rapeseed oil methyl (RME) or butyl (RBE) esters and butanol (B). The dependence of CP and CFPP on the mixture composition was presented in phase equilibrium diagrams. These experiments established that mixtures in which RME is replaced with RBE have better cold flow properties. Mixtures of any composition meet the requirements for diesel fuel used in the summer period. The concentration of rapeseed oil butyl esters in fuel used in the transitional period may be up to 78%, while for blends containing rapeseed oil methyl esters, the rapeseed oil methyl ester content may only be up to 45%. In the Arctic zone, it is possible to use fuel blends containing up to 10e14% rapeseed methyl esters and up to 18% rapeseed butyl esters.

The article explores the possibilities of using fatty acid methyl esters derived from the oil of a new species of oily plant Camelina sativa not demanding on soil. The performed research on the physical and chemical properties of pure methyl esters from Camelina sativa show that biofuels do not meet requirements for the biodiesel fuel standard (LST EN 14214:2009) of a high iodine value and high content of linoleic acid methyl ester, so they must be mixed with methyl esters produced from pork lard the content of which in the mixture must be not less than 32%. This article presents the results of tests on combustion emission obtained when three‐cylinder diesel engine VALMET 320 DMG was fuelled with a mixture containing 30% of this new kind of fuel with fossil diesel fuel comparing with emissions obtained when the engine was fuelled with a fuel mixture containing 30% of conventional biodiesel fuel (rapeseed oil methyl esters) with fossil diesel fuel. The obtained results show that using both types of fuel, no significant differences in CO and NOx concentrations were observed throughout the tested load range. When operating on fuels containing methyl esters from Camelina sativa, HC emissions decreased by 10 to 12% and the smokeness of exhaust gas by 12 to 25%.

In an effort to consume fewer non-renewable resources and use primarily raw materials of biological origin in the production of biofuel, biomass-derived biobutanol can be used for transesterification of rapeseed oil. The study investigates the physical and chemical characteristics of rapeseed oil butyl esters (RBE) and 10%, 20% and 30% RBE-diesel composites. Characteristics of RBE and their composites with conventional diesel (D) are a little different from rapeseed oil methyl esters (RME) and their composites with D, while their basic characteristics comply with the requirements of European Standard EN 14214. Comparative tests in 4-stroke 4-cylinder 1Z type diesel engine of Audi-80 using 10Á30% RBE and 10Á30% RME compounds as fuels have been performed, and the results indicate that the biologically derived additives improved the energy characteristics of the engine but increased the fuel consumption compared to pure diesel. Increasing the bio-component concentration up to 30% in diesel and biodiesel fuel (RME and RBE) mixtures leads to complex improvements in the environmental impact compared to pure diesel; however, in the case of mixtures with RBE, slightly higher concentrations of CO 2 , HC and NO x were observed in engine exhaust gases compared to RME and D mixtures of analogical composition.

No abstract

No abstract