The article is devoted to the study of the possibility of obtaining information about frost resistance and strength of concrete based on the analysis of its moisture-transporting and equilibrium water-holding properties. The dependences of the moisture diffusion coefficient, equilibrium moisture content at various values of relative humidity and porosity of autoclaved cellular concrete specimens on the concentration of water-repellent additive were studied. A comparison of the results of these measurements with the data on frost resistance, got by the direct method according to the current standards, have been made. It is shown, that moisture-transporting and water-holding characteristics can be used to assign concrete compositions optimal in frost resistance and strength. The mechanisms of the influence of water repellent on the frost resistance at its various concentrations are considered. It has been established that the composition of cellular concrete containing 2% water-repellent additive is optimal.

The article discusses the features of the inclusion of cognition in teaching, research, design and other activities. It is shown that cognition is included in the interactive structures of the cognitive process. It is noted that selfknowledge is the basis of knowledge in the psychological approach. A cognitive approach is being developed. It is shown that self-knowledge is formed on the basis of the inclusion of cognition personality in the interactive structures of cognitive activity. The conditions for increasing the cognitive activity of students are considered. The role of communications in the network educational space in the development of self-knowledge is revealed. Self-knowledge is considered as an integral form that arises in the process of mastering professional competencies and the formation of professional identification.

У статті розглядається когнітивний компонент ідентичності та професійної ідентичності, пов’язаний із зростанням ролі науки й наукових досліджень у формуванні майбутнього фахівця. Виявляються основні напрями впливу науки й наукових досліджень на формування професійної ідентичності у закладах вищої освіти. Розкривається зв’язок між професійною ідентичністю та ідентичністю. Здійснюється філософський аналіз досліджень ідентичності у національному та глобальному вимірах. З’ясовується роль ідентичності у становленні еталону майбутнього фахівця. Розглядається роль освітнього середовища, навчальних і виховних практик у створенні позитивного образу науки при підготовці майбутніх фахівців. З’ясовується значення пізнання та самопізнання у становленні професійної ідентичності. Підкреслюється значення особистісного виміру професійної ідентифікації. Розкривається зв’язок особистісного виміру з етичними та феноменологічними вимірами самопроєктування особистої та професійної самореалізації.

No abstract

The materiality of the gravitational field is taken into account on the basis of the law of universal gravitation, accepted as an exact law describing the pairwise interactions of massive bodies. Unlike Brillouin and Lucas, who were the first to carry out such an account and obtain a negative value of the field mass, the field mass in our work has the same sign as the mass itself. Replacing the "mass-gravitational field" representation with "mass-field mass" distinguishes gravity from other interactions, leads to an increase in mass in such interactions, indicates the existence of a double effect of gravity and allows its physical modeling. In particular, it has been shown that, despite the small value of the relative mass gain in pair interactions, during the formation of clusters of stars with a large number of bodies, the relative mass gain increases nonlinearly. Under certain conditions, this increase becomes infinite, symbolizing the onset of a macroscale gravitational collapse, resulting in the formation of supermassive black holes. Attention is focused on the fact that the final mass of a supermassive black hole (invisible mass) can be tens and hundreds of times greater than the initial mass of the cluster (visible mass). Moreover, half of the black hole's mass is outside the gravitational radius of the black hole, forming a massive invisible halo. According to the authors, a macroscale collapse based on taking into account the materiality of the gravitational field can be considered as one of the effective mechanisms for the formation of invisible (dark) matter in the Universe.