The main purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of the value core of the attitudes which belong to the most active strata of the population. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work is the action activist approach of V. A. Yadov. The main hypothesis of the research is that the most active part of the population is characterized by achievement-oriented motivation in work, a pronounced locus of responsibility, a tendency to solidarity, and the creative essence of an individual. The research method of collecting information consisted of a mass survey of the population of the city of Cherepovets, Vologda Oblast, based on a representative quota sample in accordance with the sex and age structure of the city aged over 18. A total of 600 people were interviewed in March 2020. Scientific novelty lies in the revealing the most active social group of agents of social changes based on the practices of formal and informal social participation, as well as in the identifying the specifics of their attitudes and values. The basis for identifying the value core of the attitudes of the most active part of the population is the studies of such category as “creative class” identified in the works of R. Florida, Yu. G. Volkov, A. Yu. Maslennikov and others, as well as research on the practical measurement of motives and attitudes of civil and social participation, reflected in the works of S. V. Patrushev, V. V. Petukhov, Yu. B. Savelyev. In the second part of the article, the author proves the fact of a low level of the population’s membership in formal organizations, sufficiently developed practices of informal public participation and widely developed practices of informal support. Analysis of the responses to the indicators of identifying value attitudes among groups of the population representing different levels of social activity made it possible to mark out the main core of value orientations of agents of social changes. The author proves that among activists the motives for achievement in work are most clearly identified through the possibility of showing initiative, self-realization, independence, career prospects. Activists are characterized by such features of creativity in their everyday attitudes as the desire to do something new, even if it is associated with risks and difficulties, enjoyment of creative work. An important component of their attitude is a pronounced responsibility for what is happening in their house, surroundings; they prefer to take responsibility and initiative in solving problems. Agents of social changes are characterized by solidarity, a tendency to unite for collective actions to solve common problems.

Аннотация. В настоящее время одним из актуальных направлений подготовки студентов к профессиональной деятельности выступает развитие их физического, психического и соматического состояния, необходимые для успешного саморазвития обучающихся. Необходимость в этом связана с тем, что уже на протяжении нескольких десятилетий существует проблема значительного ухудшения физической подготовленности студентов, низкого уровня их саморазвития и как следствие-ослабление их здоровья и «омоложение» многих болезней, которые раньше считались «возрастными». Поэтому физическое воспитание в высших учебных заведениях имеет существенное значение: оно призвано обеспечить определенный багаж знаний и умений, с помощью которых студенческая молодежь будет иметь возможность восполнять ресурсы в виде физической активности, необходимые как для здорового функционирования организма, успешной профессиональной деятельности, так и для непрерывного процесса саморазвития и саморегуляции. Необходимость обновления образования на основе максимального развития способности будущих специалистов к саморазвитию вызвана также противоречием между быстрыми темпами приращения знаний в современном мире и ограниченными возможностями их усвоения индивидом, ориентацией учебного процесса на потенциальные возможности человека и их реализацию. Однако, нельзя отрицать, что успешность человека в любом деле зависит не только от его физического здоровья, но и от психического. По этой причине система высшего образования должна иметь какие-либо возможности для поддержания психического здоровья будущих специалистов на высоком уровне, направленного на саморазвитие студентов. В современном мире данный вопрос представляется не менее актуальным, чем проблема физического развития личности. Ключевые слова: высшее образование, саморазвитие студентов, физическая культура, физическая активность, ценностное отношение к физической культуре и спорту, физическая подготовка студентов, здоровый образ жизни.

No abstract

Fundamental changes in Russian society entailed a change in living conditions, ways of organizing it, and life styles. The relevance of the practical study of life styles as the basis for the stratification of society is justified by its ability to reflect the totality of the individual’s life practices that are closely related to his attitudes, life principles. The lifestyle shows the behavior of a person in labor activity, the main consumer practices, the organization of leisure activities, inclusion in public organizations, his orientation to socio-economic activity in general. In conditions of sufficient theoretical elaboration of this topic by foreign and domestic authors, there is a clear gap in the practical multicomponent, in accordance with the studied value, measurement of the prevailing lifestyle. Based on the theoretical model, starting from the works of P. Bourdieu G.-P. Muller, Bauman, J. Baudrillard, the author offers a practical indicator model for measuring lifestyle and gives an example of its testing on the population of the city of Cherepovets. The main practical indicators of lifestyle are: locus of responsibility (internal or external), level of claims, attitudes toward work, leisure preferences, breadth of developed consumer practices. In the practical part of the article, the author, citing the results of the study for all age groups, focuses on the specifics of the stylized attitudes of youth as one of the most promising categories for the development of society. Argued evidence of the passivity of modern youth, overstated claims and self-esteem with a low level of attitudes toward social, economic and social participation and participation in society are given. Young people are traditionally distinguished by a higher level of socio-economic optimism, the index of social sentiments in this group is higher than among the entire population. Young people have a locus of responsibility that is ambiguous for interpretation. On the one hand, they believe that their financial situation and career depend on themselves, on the other hand, external factors (luck, good connections, rich influential parents) often consider the factor to achieve a high position in society. Young people are not distinguished by high socio-economic activity and readiness for it. The results of the study confirm that not all young people seek to take an active part in volunteer activities. Young people participate in actions most often of an entertainment plan and are much less likely to take responsibility and take part in political and public affairs.

Over the past few years, neither the real incomes of the population, nor the economic situation of the country as a whole have been favourable by the Russian citizens. The presence of objective problems in the acquisition of material resources, together with the natural desire of a person to live in the most comfortable conditions, raise the question of finding other, intangible, resources to meet needs. An example of such a resource is social capital, which has recently attracted the attention of researchers in Russia and the world more recently. In view of the peculiarities of youth (18-30 y. o.), as a period of development of the human personality, it is precisely on this segment of life that the first significant attempts to independently form social capital fall. Not least of all, this is connected with admission to higher educational institutions, which is often associated with leaving the familiar environment and the need to act in completely new social networks and roles. Consequently, the responsibility for independent actions in this area is becoming higher. In this regard, based on studies conducted by the Vologda Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, we decided to identify the main features of the formation of social capital in youth and to see how the situation with its accumulation changes in time. The main results of our study include the discovery that the accumulation of social capital at a young age is more effective due to the greater readiness of young people for joint action. Clarification of the fact that investments in social capital, even in youth, quickly begin to bring dividends. Based on the positive changes in social capital over time, it was concluded that the Vologda Region has the potential for its further development. As a result, it was concluded that the active use of the potential for the accumulation of social capital in youth is characterized by increased productivity, due to the fact that in the considered period of life, people are more prone to unification.