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From the biomedicine point of, view ageing is a natural process, characterized by a gradual decrease in the physiological integrity and adaptive abilities of the body, leading to a violation of its functions and an increase in the risk of death with age. Demographic aging of the population is a serious socio-economic problem, both in Russia and around the world. The main cellular and molecular signs of aging include genome instability, telomere shortening, epigenetic alterations, impaired proteostasis, impaired nutrient recognition, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular aging, the stem cell pool depletion and changes in intercellular interaction, extracellular matrix rigidity, as well as activation of retrotransposons and chronic inflammation. For these reasons, in modern healthcare, preventing premature aging and treating age-related diseases is becoming a priority task. This review presents modern approaches to the quantitative assessment of the aging process using aging biomarkers as functional parameters reflecting the biological organism age at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. This work also considers the actual non-drug and drug interventions allowing to slow down the development of age-associated pathological processes, allowing you to increase the quality and duration of life.

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The efficacy of low-intensity laser radiation therapy using autologous cellular products based on adipose tissue, including stromalvascular fraction, has been shown to be effective in different forms of pathology and in reconstructive and plastic surgery. The review deals with the issues related to the methodological aspects of the stromal and vascular fraction isolation from the human adipose tissue as well as with the peculiarities of its application in experimental studies on animal models and in clinical practice. The mechanisms of low-intensity laser radiation effect on the cells of stromal-vascular fraction has been discussed. An analysis of recently published research results on the effects of laser radiation on mesenchymal stromal cells of adipose tissue is carried out. The results of experimental studies on the choice of optimal modes and parameters of low-intensity laser radiation with the aim of their application in complex cell technologies are discussed. The issues related to the therapeutic effects of low-intensity physical factors in autologous transplantation of the stromal-vascular fraction and mesenchymal stromal cells in various types of pathology are viewed. Further research on the mechanisms of low-intensity laser irradiation effects on various types of cells and tissues is required to expand the clinical application of cell-based therapy