The aim of the study is to develop an approach to increasing the profitability of agricultural enterprises. To achieve this goal, the concept of product life cycle and the possibility of its transformation into a more complex model, which provides for the release of several generations of high-tech products, is used. In this regard, the article deals with the issues of ensuring the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises under the conditions of rapid development of technologies, including information technologies. It is shown that agricultural enterprises producing high-tech products have significantly lower material costs and higher costs for research and development work, as well as significantly higher profits than traditional enterprises of the agricultural industry. Due to the fact that the release of innovative high-tech products is associated with high risks, the management of high-tech enterprises need to plan the life cycles of their products. An important resource for supporting the competitiveness of products is the scientific information used to develop new types of products and their production technologies. This approach allows for the timely introduction of new types of products with higher competitiveness in the market. This allows achieving sustainable growth of product competitiveness and growth of income of agricultural enterprises. Creating a software model for implementing this algorithm will create the possibility of automatically planning new types of products and increasing profitability. This will help increase the efficiency of the enterprises of the Russian agricultural sector.

This study solves the most important economic problem of developing a method for calculating the cost of each type of product in complex and multi-product industries. The performed analysis of the current legislation and the methods used for calculating the cost has led to the conclusion that today the solution to this problem has no scientific justification. The authors carried out a systematic development of procedures that allow building a scientific idea using objective information. It is implemented in the study by means of appropriate techniques and the construction of an economic and mathematical model that allows the development of an instrumental apparatus for the implementation of the method. With its application, the problem of calculating the production cost of seven types of final products for a conditional technological scheme of integrated production was solved. The results are also compared with the cost calculation obtained by other methods. In addition, a graphical and matrix analysis of the calculation results was carried out. The obtained results of calculating the cost of the final product make it possible to evaluate this method as workable, and the algorithm for its construction - as using the entire array of initial objective information.

The urgency of evaluating business ideas at the initial formation stage has been substantiated. The main approaches to assessing innovative solutions in high-risk conditions, changing technological, organizational, informational and other factors are considered. An algorithm for creating a system for evaluating business ideas is proposed, including criteria for evaluating them at a qualitative level, and then evaluating them using a point scale. The choice of these criteria is substantiated. It is concluded that it is necessary to determine the weight of each criterion in the system for evaluating business ideas. Taking into account the peculiarities of a number of business ideas and their different effectiveness, the system can be supplemented, and the criteria themselves can be revised and adjusted. It has been established that the scores for each criterion can also be calculated more accurately. It is noted that for a more complete implementation of the proposed algorithm for constructing a model, applied developments will become a further direction of the authors' research. The result will be a universal method for assessing the effectiveness of business ideas, based on the use of the most general criteria for technological development.

The article discusses the features of the activities of enterprises of the Russian agro-industrial complex in digital transformation context. The main types of resources used by them for effective work are highlighted and the task is to study time as an intangible asset that can be used to increase the efficiency of activities. This category is considered from the standpoint of classical science, its definition is given and the main properties are highlighted. The necessity of studying time as a resource and its use in the work of enterprises as a factor in the growth of profitability has been substantiated. The analysis of classical and modern systems of organizing the work of enterprises, including their tools. Based on the analysis, it has been established that during the period of digital transformation of the economy and the agro-industrial complex, little attention is paid to time as a resource, and the rational use of resources needs to be improved. For this reason, the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex is considered as the main vector of the development of the complex. The main directions of its transition from the traditional form to new methods of work, its elements, ways of reducing errors and increasing the competitiveness of enterprises in this sector of the economy are shown. The main advantages of such a development are presented. In the course of further analysis, it was found that the time factor in the agro-industrial complex during the period of digital transformation plays a key role. Time has been proven to be both a factor and a resource. It is concluded that the competent use of all types of production resources in time allows to obtain a synergistic effect.

The presented study analyzes the possibility of Project 5-100 implementing, initiated by the Decree of the President of Russia. It is aimed at increasing the competitiveness of leading Russian universities in relation to the world's leading scientific and educational centers and solving a number of other important tasks in the development of education and science in Russia. The main rankings evaluating higher educational institutions have been studied, among them the most authoritative universities in the world have been identified. A list of Russian higher education institutions that are assessed or have a chance to be included in these ratings has also been established. It was revealed that as of 2020, the only Russian university that consistently occupies a worthy place in one of the generally recognized world rankings is the Lomonosov Moscow State University. At the same time, the authors have made a quantitative assessment of the likelihood of inclusion of Russian higher educational institutions in the world university rankings. It has also been established which of the world rankings domestic universities can reach high places as quickly and successfully as possible. As a result, the objectives of Project 5-100 seem to be the most attainable within the framework of this rating. To solve such an important task, it was proposed to analyze in detail the methodology for giving marks to higher educational institutions present in it. In addition, it has been proven that it is necessary to develop measures to improve the assessment of domestic universities in a number of world research and educational centers.