Cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) makes up a small proportion of the 10.4 million cases around the world. Although it is more commonly found in the developing world, cutaneous TB is rarely reported in the developed countries. It is fairly challenging to diagnose without histological examination. In this report, we present an immunocompetent 7-year-old male with a complex medical history diagnosed with cutaneous Mycobacterium tuberculosis after multiple ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) revisions. This case of cutaneous TB in an immunocompetent patient is remarkable in its uncharacteristic presentation with no obvious source of TB infected contacts or travel history.

HighlightsDiabetes is present in 15% of pediatric patients with mucormycosis [1–2].Treatment includes amphotericin B, as well as surgical debridement for invasive disease.High index of suspicion is required as delay of treatment leads to disseminated disease.The mortality rate is near 50%, while for disseminated disease is almost 100%.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Among children, TB can have a wide range of non-specific clinical and radiological manifestations becoming a challenging diagnosis, particularly in areas with a low prevalence. We present the case of a 14 month-old female with a history of fever of unknown origin (FUO) and later diagnosed with miliary tuberculosis.

Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) formerly known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by vascular dysplasia and a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Case presentation: We report the case of an undiagnosed pediatric patient who presented hypoxemia on clinical exam as the only suggestive feature for the presence of HHT. Conclusions: Although HHT diagnosis is based on the finding of characteristic clinical features genetic testing should also be implemented when a family history of the disease is present to help confirm or refute the diagnosis.

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