ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA PARA AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO GERTRUDES MACÁRIO DE OLIVEIRA1; EDGO JACKSON PINTO SANTIAGO2; MÁRIO DE MIRANDA VILAS BOAS RAMOS LEITÃO3; RUY DE CARVALHO ROCHA4; IRIS SANTANA GONÇALVES5 E RODRIGO RAFAEL DA SILVA6 1Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, UNEB, Juazeiro, BA, gemoliveira@uneb.br2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Horticultura Irrigada, Universidade de Estado da Bahia, UNEB, Juazeiro, BA, edgoj@hotmail.com3Colegiado de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, UNIVASF, Juazeiro, BA, mario.miranda@univasf;edu.br 4Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, UNEB, Juazeiro, BA, rcrocha@uneb.br5Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, UNEB, Juazeiro, BA, irissg@hotmail.com6Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, UNEB, Juazeiro, BA, rodrigosilva_rafael@hotmail.com 1 RESUMO Tendo em vista a importância do conhecimento da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) para estimar as diferentes demandas evapotranspiratórias, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ETo em ambiente protegido, comparando-a com estimativas obtidas para condições de campo aberto. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do DTCS-UNEB, Juazeiro, BA, no período de junho a setembro de 2015. Sob uma estrutura coberta com tela de sombreamento foi introduzida a cultura do tomate, instalado um tanque classe A (TCA) e uma estação meteorológica automática. A ETo da cobertura foi determinada a partir dos dados de evaporação do TCA instalado nesse ambiente e Kp = 1; e correlacionada com a ETo externa calculada por diferentes métodos de estimativas. A ETo da cobertura correspondeu a 77,8; 75,0 e 82,4% da ETo obtida pelos métodos de Penman-Monteith, TCA e Jensen e Haise, respectivamente; e 105 e 131,3% da ETo obtida pelos métodos de Hargreaves e Samani e Makkink, respectivamente. A evapotranspiração de referência em ambiente protegido pode ser estimada, com correlação elevada, a partir de dados externos, através do método do tanque classe A, com o Kp calculado para as condições climáticas locais. Palavras-chave: evapotranspiração dos cultivos, tanque classe A, métodos de estimativa da ETo OLIVEIRA, G. M.; SANTIAGO, E. J. P.; LEITÃO, M. M. V. B. R.; ROCHA, R. C.; GONÇALVES, I. S.; SILVA, R. R.REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION ESTIMATE FOR A PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT 2 ABSTRACT Considering how important is the knowledge on the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to estimate the different evapotranspiration demands, this study aims to evaluate the ETo coefficient in a protected environment, comparing it with estimates obtained from the open field conditions. The experiment was conducted in the test area of DTCS-UNEB, Juazeiro, BA, from June to September, 2015. Under a structure covered with a shading screen was introduced the tomato culture, a Class A pan (TCA) and an automatic weather station. The covered area’s ETo was determined using the evaporation data from the TCA installed in this environment and the coefficient Kp = 1; and correlated with the external ETo calculated by different estimation methods. The covered area’s ETo corresponded to 77.8; 75.0 and 82.4% of the ETo obtained by the Penman-Monteith, TCA and Jensen and Haise methods, respectively; and 105 and 131.3% of the ETo obtained by the methods of Hargreaves and Samani and Makkink, respectively. The reference evapotranspiration in a protected environment can be estimated, with high correlation, from external data, using the class A pan method, with a calculated Kp for the local weather conditions. Keywords: crop evapotranspiration, class A pan, ETo estimation methods
A B S T R A C TRainfall events are preponderant for the development of crops dependent on its occurrence. Given that climate predictions are not always accurate, techniques that can help predictions, such as rainfall estimates, based on probability levels of their occurrence, can be a suitable alternative. The study aimed to determine the expected rainfall, at different probability levels, for the region of Juazeiro, State of Bahia, as well as the period of lower risk of losses in the harvesting of fine grapes due to the occurrence of rainfall. The study was carried out with daily rainfall data from a series of 40 years, obtained from the Agrometeorological station of Mandacaru in the municipality of Juazeiro, Bahia. The gamma distribution function obtained monthly estimates of likely rainfall for the 90, 80, 75, 60, 50, 45, 40, 35, and 30% levels of probability. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov adhesion test was applied at the 5% level of significance to verify the fit of the data. The range distribution presented a good fit to estimate the probable precipitation at different probability levels in the region of Juazeiro-BA. The average values of monthly rainfall occurred near the 40% probability level. The most suitable time for the cultivation of rainfed in the region was the February and March each 2-months. The lower probabilities of rainfall from May to October provide a lower risk of losses in the harvesting of fine grapes in irrigated crops, in the region of Juazeiro, BA.
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