This research aims to design and develop an e-module based on the Canva application, and to measure the validity of e-modules for legal English courses. This research uses Research and Development (R&D) research with the ADDIE model with five stages: first is analyzing problems, potentials, and needs. The second is designing to determine a Canva Digital application used, the design/theme of the e-module, and the format. The third stage is developing the design that has been previously designed by being developed through the Canva Digital application. In addition, at this stage, a validation test is carried out for the validators, namely material experts, linguists, and media experts to determine the feasibility of the E Module that has been designed and developed. The fourth stage is Implementation. In this stage, a practicality test and effectiveness test are carried out on law students of Bina Bangsa University. The final stage is evaluation, at this evaluation stage, is the stage of implementing digital Canva-based E-Module improvements that have been given input by material experts, linguists, and media experts. Quantitative and qualitative data were employed to collect the information. The finding reveals the average score for eligibility assessment results is 91,79 %, the average score for practicality assessment results is 91,86 %, and the average score for effectiveness is  84,66. In conclusion, the eligibility assessment is classified as "Very Eligible," the practicality  assessment derived from the lecture and student practicality questionnaires is classified as "Very Practical," and the effectiveness assessment derived from the evaluation activities is classified as "Very Effective." E-module teaching materials can be utilized by lecturers as an alternate method of transmitting information on the ESP to law students, allowing lecturers to provide information in a manner that captures students' attention. The e-module was still developed utilizing an online connection, which presented a challenge for students who did not have consistent access to the internet. For the upcoming research, it is strongly suggested that an electronic module be developed that can be accessed either online or off.

Tindak kekerasan kolektif setiap tahunnya terus saja bertambah secara kuantitas di seluruh Indonesia. Kekerasan kolektif baik yang merupakan kejahatan murni ataupun kekerasan kolektif sebagai reaksi sosial (memperoleh legitimasi dari masyarakat), tetap saja menimbulkan kerugian yang serius bagi masyarakat itu sendiri. Pengaruh faktor budaya, ekonomi dan lemahnya penegakan hukum menjadi pemicu kekerasan yang dilakukan secara kolektif. Permasalahan utama dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah bagaimana kajian kriminologi dan filsafat hukum terhadap kekerasan kolektif, baik sebagai individu atau kolektif. Hal tersebut berkaitan dengan bentuk kolektivitas massa sebagai pelaku massa yang muncul dengan sebagai reaksi sosial. Pengaruh Kultur negatif masyarakat turut andil dalam berbagai tindakan kekerasan kolektif yang terjadi. Kenyataan historis dari peristiwa-peristiwa masa lalu turut mencerminkan bagaimana tindakan kekerasan (sikap agresif dan bersemangat memberontak) sebagai hal yang lumrah sebagai budaya internal masyarakat di Indonesia.