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The present investigation focused on the structure and demonstration of partial inhibition of spermatogenesis in male albino rats through pentacoordinate tributyltin (IV) complex of sterically blocked Schiff base of heterocyclic β‐diketone having the general formula Bu3SnL (where ). The aid of physicochemical and spectral analysis suggested the plausible structure of this complex. The density functional theory (DFT) provides the optimized structure of the tributyltin (IV) complex. The computational study of the tributyltin (IV) complex evaluated the thermodynamic parameters, molecular orbitals, principal quantum chemical descriptors, and chemical reactivity. The experimental animals contain three groups, each consisting of nine animals. The male fertility of albino rats of groups II and III treated with tributyltin (IV) complex of sterically blocked Schiff base of heterocyclic β ‐diketone at 10 and 20 mg/kg body wt/day compared with group I during 90 days of the investigation was impaired consistently. Accordingly, the quality and quantity of sperms obtained from cauda epididymis deteriorated in both treatment groups compared with control animals. Blood testes barrier ruptured in the seminiferous tubules as a result of disordered germinal epithelium, substantial loss of germ cells, and remaining germ cell bursting, which stopped spermatogenesis at stage 13 of spermiogenesis. The findings of the study suggest that this complex partially inhibits spermatogenesis. Identifying some toxicophores scaffolds of the complex appears to be a significant contributor to the complete inhibition of spermatogenesis.

Characterized MCP I fraction of Carica papaya seeds is being considered a potential contraceptive agent. Utilization of gold nanoparticles as a carrier molecule enhanced its targeted bioavailability, biocompatibility, in vitro stability against blood serum and pH gradient. In this study, preclinical safety and efficacy were assessed employing concerned biomarkers of blood serum and excised reproductive tissues for further approval of this nanoformulation. Experimental groups A, B and C were consists of vehicle control, orally treated with MCP I (50 mg/kg body wt./day) and MCP I conjugated gold nanoparticle (200µg/kg body wt./day) containing nine male albino Wistar rats in each. Three animals were sacrificed monthly interval during 90 days of investigation period. No significant differences were examined in markers of blood serum i.e., cholesterol, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, bilrubin, urea, triglyceride, HDL and concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone except drastic reduction in SGOT (p is less than 0.001) and SGPT (p is less than 0.05; p is less than0.01; p is less than 0.001) in group C. The glycogen, cholesterol and lactate dehydrogenase level in testicular tissues, sialic acid and fructose corresponded to epididymal and seminal vesicles, respectively, demonstrated insignificant changes. Significant diminution was recorded in the level of L-carnitine and α-glucosidase at 60 days in group B (p is less than 0.05) and 30 days in group C (p is less than 0.01; p is less than 0.001) of epididymal tissues. Prostatic acid phosphatase was increased (p is less than 0.05; p is less than 0.01) in group C. While antioxidant biomarkers in testicular tissues viz., lipid peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and catalase were revealed insignificant alteration. Thus, status of biomarkers indicate that synergistic effect of MCP I conjugated gold nanoparticle was found to be targeted, safe and effective for oral contraception in male albino rats at highly reduced dosage compared to pure MCP I treated animals which may open new avenues for clinical development.