; 01 BP 2115 Cotonou, Bénin, Tel. (+229) 96408110 /95050518 RESUME En élevage des petits ruminants, la gestion des parasitoses gastro-intestinales reste une préoccupation majeure à laquelle l'ethnopharmacopée est associée. La présente étude vise à comparer l'effet combiné des poudres, puis des extraits méthanoliques de deux plantes (Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloïdes et Newbouldia laevis) sur les parasites gastro-intestinaux des agneaux Djallonké. Ainsi, les effets anthelminthiques de la consommation de la poudre de feuilles des deux plantes ont été évalués pour des traitements sur un et trois jours consécutifs. Les poudres ont été administrées séparément à la dose de 3,8 g/kg de poids vif pour chaque plante, puis combinées à hauteur de 50% de cette dose pour chaque plante (Mixte 1) et à hauteur de 100% de la même dose (Mixte 2). Quant à l'extrait méthanolique, un traitement sur trois jours consécutifs a été testé à la dose de 0,6 g/kg de poids corporel. Le traitement de trois jours avec les poudres de feuille a induit une réduction significative (p ≤ 0,01) de l'excrétion fécale des oeufs avec une efficacité plus marquée pour Z. zanthoxyloïdes et les traitements mixtes. L'administration des extraits méthanoliques pendant trois jours a montré après sacrifice des animaux et dénombrement des nématodes une diminution significative (p ≤ 0,05) du nombre de vers adultes de T. colubriformis avec Z. SIDI et al. / Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 9(4): 2078-2090, 2015 2079 I.Y. MINAFLINOU SACCA Combined effects of the leaves of Newbouldia laevis and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloïdes on the gastrointestinal nematode parasites of Djallonke lambs ABSTRACTThe management of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in small ruminant production remains a major concern which associates ethnopharmacology. This study aimed at comparing the combination of powders and methanol extracts of two plants (Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Newbouldia laevis) on gastrointestinal parasites of Djallonke lambs. Thus, the anthelmintic effects of the consumption of the two plants leaves powder were evaluated for treatment on one and three consecutive days. The powders were separately administered at the dose of 3.8 g/kg body weight for each plant and then combined with 50% of this dose to each plant (Mixed 1) and up to 100% of the same dose (Mixed 2). For the methanol extract, a treatment on three consecutive days was tested at the dose of 0.6 g/kg body weight. The three-day treatment with the leaves powder induced a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.01) fecal excretion of eggs with a greater efficacy for Z. zanthoxyloides and mixed treatments. The administration of the methanol extracts for three days showed after the slaughtering of animals and enumeration of nematodes a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) of the number of adult worms of T. colubriformis with Z. zanthoxyloides, Mixed 1 and 2 and H. contortus with Z. zanthoxyloides, N. laevis and Mixed 2. In contrast, the egg excretion reductions induced by treatments with extracts alone or combined, are not significant (p> ...

I n tropical developing countries, gastro-intestinal nematode infection remains one of the main causes of impaired production in small ruminants and can lead to fatalities. Haemonchus contortus is one of the most important species because of its high prevalence and pathogenicity (Hounzangbé-Adoté et al., 2005a). This kind of parasite causes adverse effects on the host like haematological and biochemical disturbances (Hoste et al., 2006), loss of body weight (Perry et al., 2002) and huge economic losses (Jabbar et al., 2006). Control of these parasitic infections is generally based on the strategic use of anthelmintic. Unfortunately, these substances are not only less available in the countries of the South but also their cost in local markets is relatively high. In addition, the misuse of these drugs for research Article Abstract | Methanolic extracts of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Fagara), Newbouldia laevis and three of their combinations (50% N. laevis-50% Z. zanthoxyloides, 25% Z. zanthoxyloides-75% N. laevis and 75% Z. zanthoxyloides-25% N. laevis) were screened in vitro for potential anti-parasitic effects against eggs, infective larvae and adults of Haemonchus contortus. Significant effects were obtained but differences were observed depending on the parasitic stage. The effects of the two plant extracts and their combinations were no dose dependent on egg hatching and infective larvae although more potent effects were usually observed with low concentrations. In contrast, dose-response relationship was found for adult worms. On eggs hatching, the combined extracts 50% N. laevis-50% Z. zanthoxyloides and 25% Z. zanthoxyloides-75% N. laevis have showed the same effectiveness like Fagara and N. laevis extracts. Combined plant extracts seemed to be more effective than individual plant extracts on larval migration at less concentrations. Extracts of Fagara and two plant associations (i.e., 50% Z. zanthoxyloides-50% N. laevis and 75% Z. zanthoxyloides-25% N. laevis) reduced adult worm motility. Overall, the combination of 50% Z. zanthoxyloides-50% N. laevis was most effective on all three stages of H. contortus. These results showed that Z. zanthoxyloides (Fagara) and N. laevis used in combined form (50%:50%) were more effective on H. contortus thus both plants association could be used as potential alternative of synthetic drugs to control parasitic infections of H. contortus in small ruminants.

Several recent studies have shown that medicinal plants Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Fagara) and Newbouldia laevis possess anthelmintic activities in vitro on different stages of development of gastrointestinal nematodes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic properties of residues from digestion in the rumen of leaf powders of both plants on the migration of the 3rd-stage larvae L3s of Haemonchus contortus. Residues obtained after incubation at 0 h, 24 h and 96 h kinetic points of the leaf powders of both plants in the rumen of sheep with fistulae were used for the assay. The larval migration inhibition test evaluated the anthelmintic properties of the methanolic extracts of residues of the two plants. The effect of plant extracts on larval migration was notdose-dependent (p> 0.05) but was a function of plant incubation time (p <0.01) with N. laevis extracts. The reduction in larval migration was dosedependent (p <0.05) with the extract of the not-incubated Fagara powder, with the extracts of the residues (24 h and 96 h) she was not-dose-dependent (p > 0.05). N. Laevis seems to have retained his anthelmintic property after incubation in sacco in the rumen. On the other hand, Fagara seems to lose its effectiveness as it stays in the rumen. Findings obtained on these plantsEuropean Scientific Journal August 2017 edition Vol.13, No.24 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857-7431 205confirm their traditional use in veterinary medicine especially in the control of helminthiasis. Keywords: Newbouldia laevis, Haemonchus contortus, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides RésuméPlusieurs études récentes ont montré que les plantes médicinales Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Fagara) et Newbouldia laevis possèdent des activités anthelminthiques in vitro sur différents stades de développement des nématodes gastro intestinaux. La présente étude a pour objectif d'évaluer les propriétés anthelminthiques in vitro, des résidus issus de la digestion dans le rumen des poudres de feuilles des deux plantes sur la migration des larves infestantes L3s de Haemonchus contortus. Les résidus obtenus après incubation à des points cinétiques de 0 h, 24 h et 96 h des poudres de feuilles des deux plantes dans le rumen des ovins munis de fistules ont servi au test. Le test d'inhibition de la migration larvaire a permis d'évaluer les propriétés anthelminthiques des extraits méthanoliques de résidus des deux plantes. L'effet des extraits sur la migration des larves a été non dose-dépendante (p > 0,05) mais fonction du temps d'incubation de la plante (p < 0,01) avec les extraits de N. laevis. La réduction de la migration des larves a été dose dépendante (p < 0,05) avec l'extrait de la poudre de Fagara non incubée par contre, avec les extraits des résidus (24h et 96h) elle a été non dose dépendante (p > 0,05). N. Laevis semble avoir conservé sa propriété anthelminthique après incubation in sacco dans le rumen. Par contre Fagara semble perdre son efficacité au fur et à mesure qu'il séjourne dans le rumen. Les résultats obtenus s...