Introduction. The problem of raising blood pressure in athletes is still relevant, given the high prevalence of latent hemodynamic disorders and conditions such as overtraining and autonomic dysfunction. Outpatient monitoring of blood pressure allows to supplement the clinical picture in athletes with autonomic dysfunction to identify hidden hemodynamic disorders of athletes with pre-pathological conditions, including chronic stress, overtraining, and prehypertension. Materials and Methods. The study included 30 healthy athletes who were divided into two groups depending on the presence of higher normal blood pressure. The groups were matched for age, gender, and duration of sports history. Blood pressure measurements were performed in the office by the oscillometric method using appropriate cuff size, depending on the shoulder circumference, and according to the standardized protocol for measuring blood pressure in the office and by outpatient monitoring. Surveys were conducted in the preparatory period of the annual training macrocycle in compliance with the requirements of bioethics. Results. We found that athletes with higher normal blood pressure had more common symptoms that impaired quality of life and physical performance: feeling tired after training, dissatisfaction with the training task, reduced tolerance to temperature changes; this group of athletes had a significantly higher index of autonomic dysfunction (p ˂ 0.05). Daily monitoring of blood pressure revealed five people (33%) with latent ("masked") hypertension in the group of higher normal blood pressure vs. 0 people in the group of optimal blood pressure. The higher normal blood pressure group was characterized by the predominance of the weighted average day, night, daily systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean blood pressure. The average pulse pressure during the day in both groups was identical; however, at night, the decrease in pulse pressure average values was not significant in the higher normal blood pressure group in contrast to the group of normal optimal blood pressure, due to which the difference for this indicator between the two groups reached statistical significance. In addition, the night time in the group of higher normal blood pressure was characterized by a decrease in heart rate variability with a decrease in Circadian Heart Rate Index; a much smaller number of people had a Deeper profile of blood pressure, while a third of participants belonged to the Non-Deeper category; one athlete showed an increase in blood pressure at night. The inverse relationship was established concerning the level of the maximum rise of systolic blood pressure at night and the percentage decrease in nocturnal systolic blood pressure. In our opinion, all this suggests the excessive activity of sympathetic influences in athletes with office higher normal blood pressure due to excessive physical activity. Conclusion. One-third of athletes with higher normal office blood pressure was found to have hidden ("masked") hypertension. Given the period of training of athletes, history, and blood pressure profile, the assumption can be made about the importance of dysfunctional fatigue in the development of changes in hemodynamics. Further studies are needed to study the dynamics of blood circulation in the correction of training load in people with signs of overtraining and autonomic dysfunction.

Aim: The non-functional overreaching requires a deeper study because its diagnosing is not based on conventional methods. Orthostatic and clinostatic tests make it easy and quick to detect health problems. The purpose of this research is defining orthostatic reactions among 68 athletes with and without signs of non-functional overreaching. Materials and Methods: Our research comprises 2 groups of 68 athletes subdivided by presence of non-functional overreaching. The first group includes 27 persons with vegetative disorder signs. The second group covers 41 individuals without non-functional overreaching. For all of them, we conducted orthostatic tests to record blood pressure and heart rate horizontally and vertically. Results: The research showed that 9 athletes (33.3% of the O+ group) had unsatisfactory results after body tests in horizontal and vertical positions. All athletes revealed the orthostatic tolerance disorder. For 5 sportsmen, the latter was accompanied by the clinostatic overreaction. Resting heart rate did not vary considerably between both groups (р=0.412). However, orthostatic tests reflected the sharp index rise among 9 individuals. For non-functional overreaching athletes, the mean value (р<0.001) exceeded the corresponding one in the O- group more than twofold. Conclusions: Although today it is possible to differentiate orthostatic-clinostatic tolerance from vegetative dysfunction, further research must be conducted to clarify this syndrome types and to improve physical recovery for non-functional overreaching athletes.

Анотація. Актуальність дослідження зумовлена невирішеністю питання вчасного виявлення та корекції вегетативної дисфункції у спортсменів-професіоналів, особливо у тих, у яких наявні передпатологічні стани. Вивчення прихованих змін гемодинаміки разом із вчасним виявленням дизавтономних проявів у спортсменів з прегіпертензією (ПГ), особливо у тих, хто займається переважно силовими вправами, є перспективним напрямом покращення здоров’я та успішності. Мета. Вивчення гемодинамічного профілю представників ациклічних видів легкої атлетики з офісною ПГ у різні періоди річного макроциклу. Методи. Аналіз науково-методичної літератури, анкетування за Вейном; контроль артеріального тиску; методи математичної статистики. Результати. Встановлено, що для спортсменів з ПГ найбільш несприятливим виявився змагальний період, в якому були найбільш поширеними та вираженими симптоми вегетативної дисфункції, значно переважали середні значення артеріального тиску, поширеність та ймовірність розвитку замаскованої артеріальної гіпертензії. Змагальний період річного макроциклу у представників ациклічних видів легкої атлетики з прегіпертензією супроводжується зростанням значень артеріального тиску, при цьому відносний ризик прихованої артеріальної гіпертензії в позатренувальний час зростає за наявності інших проявів вегетативної дисфункції. Зміни не є стійкими, проте їх вчасне виявлення та корекція можуть сприяти покращенню якості життя спортсменів та їх успішності. Ключові слова: артеріальний тиск, автономна дисфункція, змагальний період річного макроциклу.

The research topicality is needed to diagnose in time and correct properly athletes’ autonomic dysfunction (especially among sportspeople with pre-pathological states). The study of latent hemodynamic changes and detection of dysautonomia among prehypertension athletes (particularly those who train heavily) is a promising way to raise sportsmen’s health and achievements. The research purpose is a hemodynamic profile study of athletes with office prehypertension during different training macrocycle periods. Methods. The research comprised 30 athletes of acyclic activity. Their average age was 23.1 (2.71) years. Females were nine individuals (30%). We monitored arterial blood pressure and heart rate in each macrocycle period, carried out the dysautonomia test and established anamnesis and complaints. Results. For prehypertension athletes, the most challenging moment was the competition period. Therefore, the systolic arterial hypertension rate within preparation, competitive and transition training periods was 17%, 47% and 7% (χ2=14.53; р0.001) while the diastolic one was 17%, 37% and 7% respectively (χ2=8.75; р=0.012). Significantly, we observed an increasing possibility of arterial blood pressure rise over normal values among dysautonomia athletes during the competition period (RR=3.27 (р=0.01); OR=8.33 (р=0.006)). However, during the preparation and recovery periods, arterial hypertension possibility was not significant (р0.05). Conclusions. In the competition period of training macrocycle is highly expectable development of arterial hypertension of latent course in athletes with office prehypertension. Besides, the relative risk of latent arterial hypertension in extra-training time increases if there are other symptoms of dysautonomia, but these changes are not persistent. However, their proper diagnosing and correcting may lead to athletes’ better health and achievements.

Introduction. The outbreak of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) continues to be one of the most serious problems of the mankind. Patients who develop pneumonia as a result of coronavirus infection require rehabilitation measures to restore the functional capacity of the body and to prevent the negative consequences of the disease. For patients with COVID‑19, rehabilitation should be aimed at alleviating symptoms (shortness of breath), improving psychological condition, physical form and quality of life. This can be achieved by improving the organization and methodology of pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19. Purpose is to justify the use of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods: analysis and systematization of data from modern scientific and methodological literature and Internet sources. Results. The emergence and spread of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a major public health issue. Post-COVID syndrome has already become a massive phenomenon and part of our lives. Recovery from coronavirus infection is necessary for all, regardless of the severity of the disease. Physical therapy can be used at various stages of treatment for COVID-19 patients. However, the decision to use it, the nature, scope and purpose of the interventions should be based on clinical evidence, the safety of patients and staff. Pulmonary rehabilitation, the main component of which is physical exercise (aerobic and/or resistance training), can play a vital role in the recovery of patients, improving physical fitness, muscle strength and quality of life of those infected with severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome. Moreover, under quarantine conditions, it was important for many patients to have access to home-based rehabilitation, which was provided by tele-rehabilitation facilities using telecommunications technology. Conclusions. Thus, pulmonary rehabilitation is an important part of recovery from COVID-19. The development of complications and the increase in the number of pulmonological patients who have suffered a severe or moderate coronary infection are updating the issues of adaptation of traditional rehabilitation programs to new conditions.