Introduction. The problem of raising blood pressure in athletes is still relevant, given the high prevalence of latent hemodynamic disorders and conditions such as overtraining and autonomic dysfunction. Outpatient monitoring of blood pressure allows to supplement the clinical picture in athletes with autonomic dysfunction to identify hidden hemodynamic disorders of athletes with pre-pathological conditions, including chronic stress, overtraining, and prehypertension. Materials and Methods. The study included 30 healthy athletes who were divided into two groups depending on the presence of higher normal blood pressure. The groups were matched for age, gender, and duration of sports history. Blood pressure measurements were performed in the office by the oscillometric method using appropriate cuff size, depending on the shoulder circumference, and according to the standardized protocol for measuring blood pressure in the office and by outpatient monitoring. Surveys were conducted in the preparatory period of the annual training macrocycle in compliance with the requirements of bioethics. Results. We found that athletes with higher normal blood pressure had more common symptoms that impaired quality of life and physical performance: feeling tired after training, dissatisfaction with the training task, reduced tolerance to temperature changes; this group of athletes had a significantly higher index of autonomic dysfunction (p ˂ 0.05). Daily monitoring of blood pressure revealed five people (33%) with latent ("masked") hypertension in the group of higher normal blood pressure vs. 0 people in the group of optimal blood pressure. The higher normal blood pressure group was characterized by the predominance of the weighted average day, night, daily systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean blood pressure. The average pulse pressure during the day in both groups was identical; however, at night, the decrease in pulse pressure average values was not significant in the higher normal blood pressure group in contrast to the group of normal optimal blood pressure, due to which the difference for this indicator between the two groups reached statistical significance. In addition, the night time in the group of higher normal blood pressure was characterized by a decrease in heart rate variability with a decrease in Circadian Heart Rate Index; a much smaller number of people had a Deeper profile of blood pressure, while a third of participants belonged to the Non-Deeper category; one athlete showed an increase in blood pressure at night. The inverse relationship was established concerning the level of the maximum rise of systolic blood pressure at night and the percentage decrease in nocturnal systolic blood pressure. In our opinion, all this suggests the excessive activity of sympathetic influences in athletes with office higher normal blood pressure due to excessive physical activity. Conclusion. One-third of athletes with higher normal office blood pressure was found to have hidden ("masked") hypertension. Given the period of training of athletes, history, and blood pressure profile, the assumption can be made about the importance of dysfunctional fatigue in the development of changes in hemodynamics. Further studies are needed to study the dynamics of blood circulation in the correction of training load in people with signs of overtraining and autonomic dysfunction.

Introduction. Strenuous aerobic work inherent to cyclical sports requires adequate oxygenation of the athletes’ working muscles. One of the ways to improve the oxygen transport function of blood is to optimize the structural and functional state of erythrocytes, for example, by using succinic acid in the form of the medical drug Armadin Long. This pharmacological drug is widespread in clinical practice for treating hypoxic and ischemic conditions, and very little is known about its use for improving the condition of the erythrocytes in the blood of athletes, which determined the relevance of this study. The objective of the study was to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of using the medical drug Armadine Long to improve the state of the erythrocyte link of the blood oxygen transport system during aerobic exercise. Materials and Methods. A randomized blinded placebo-controlled trial included 40 male middle-distance runners (aerobic discipline of athletics). The subjects were divided into two subgroups matched for number, age, and anthropometric characteristics (strats). In this work, laboratory methods were used, including hematological tests (in particular, hemoglobin and erythrocytes level measurement and erythrocyte characteristics evaluation), as well as biochemical method: the study of prooxidant and antioxidant balance (activity of lipid peroxidation according to changes in the content of maloniс dialdehyde and antioxidant protection according to changes in the concentration of reduced glutathione) and functional characteristics of erythrocyte membranes (permeability, sorption capacity, sorption capacity of the glycocalyx) as well as evaluation of the main components of lipid and protein composition of red blood cell membranes. Pedagogical research methods were based on the determination of relative aerobic capacity using the generally accepted PWC170 test. Results of the study. During 21 days of intensive loads, an almost two-fold increase in contents of malonic dialdehyde was observed with a parallel decrease in reduced glutathione content by 23.5 % during aerobic loads. At the same time, there was a deterioration of the functional characteristics of erythrocytes and a decrease in the relative aerobic capacity in comparison with the baseline data. The use of the medical drug Armadine Long at a dose of 600 mg per day improved the indicated characteristics of erythrocytes. At the same time, there were positive changes in the protein and lipid state of the erythrocyte membranes, and the athletes’ aerobic power increased by 38.7%. It substantiates the high ergogenic ability of succinic acid, which is based on the normalization of the lipoperoxidation process and the improvement of the structural and functional characteristics of erythrocyte membranes.

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Анотація. Актуальність дослідження зумовлена невирішеністю питання вчасного виявлення та корекції вегетативної дисфункції у спортсменів-професіоналів, особливо у тих, у яких наявні передпатологічні стани. Вивчення прихованих змін гемодинаміки разом із вчасним виявленням дизавтономних проявів у спортсменів з прегіпертензією (ПГ), особливо у тих, хто займається переважно силовими вправами, є перспективним напрямом покращення здоров’я та успішності. Мета. Вивчення гемодинамічного профілю представників ациклічних видів легкої атлетики з офісною ПГ у різні періоди річного макроциклу. Методи. Аналіз науково-методичної літератури, анкетування за Вейном; контроль артеріального тиску; методи математичної статистики. Результати. Встановлено, що для спортсменів з ПГ найбільш несприятливим виявився змагальний період, в якому були найбільш поширеними та вираженими симптоми вегетативної дисфункції, значно переважали середні значення артеріального тиску, поширеність та ймовірність розвитку замаскованої артеріальної гіпертензії. Змагальний період річного макроциклу у представників ациклічних видів легкої атлетики з прегіпертензією супроводжується зростанням значень артеріального тиску, при цьому відносний ризик прихованої артеріальної гіпертензії в позатренувальний час зростає за наявності інших проявів вегетативної дисфункції. Зміни не є стійкими, проте їх вчасне виявлення та корекція можуть сприяти покращенню якості життя спортсменів та їх успішності. Ключові слова: артеріальний тиск, автономна дисфункція, змагальний період річного макроциклу.

The purpose of the study was to establish the connection between symptoms of autonomic dysfunction and factors that can increase the likelihood of its development. Materials and methods. A total of 150 athletes were examined. The number of women was 65 (43.3%), the average age of the examined was 22.8 2.9 years. During the collection of anamnesis, the athletes were separately asked to answer about the presence of such symptoms as the insufficient result of the performance of the coaching task, insufficient motivation, dissatisfaction with the construction of the training session, feeling of lack of progress, unpreparedness for the competition, feeling of overfatigue after training, disturbance of the emotional sphere, difficulty in performing other types of activities in non-exercise time, a feeling of muscle weakness, muscle pain, decreased tolerance to temperature effects, periodic dizziness when standing up, after performing exercises, periodic headaches and satisfaction with sleep. The design, purpose, tasks and methods of the conducted research were discussed at the meeting of the commission on bioethics of the Educational and Scientific Medical Institute of Sumy State University. Results and discussion. A significant difference in the frequency of detected symptoms between the studied groups was established and it was found that in almost all cases the criterion of statistical significance p was less than 0.001. This applied to all general, neurological and cardiac symptoms directly related to autonomic dysfunction. Insignificant differences were established only when comparing the frequency of disorders of the emotional sphere (p=0.176) and the motivational component (p=0.273). It was also shown that there is a certain connection between the specifics of training activities and other aspects of athletes' lives with the appearance of symptoms and conditions for the occurrence of autonomic dysfunction. These factors may be of limited importance, for example, the frequency of headaches increases exclusively in women, and in athletes aged 20-24 years problems with the motivational component prevail. The last symptom, together with disturbances in the emotional sphere, is also characteristic of those who have suffered significant injury during the last month. Conclusion. Resting autonomic dysfunction is largely unaffected by overexertion, although this may be the result of methodological issues that warrant further investigation. Heart rate acceleration appears to decrease in response to overexercise and therefore may be a potential indicator of exercise-induced fatigue